Table 3.
The efficacy and safety of commonly used combination therapy in T2D clinical trails.
| Combination | Drug | HbA1c control | Body weight control | Severe hypoglycaemia a |
Serious adverse event |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biguanides + SU | Metformin+ Glimepiride (75) | Yes | Yes | No | - b |
| Biguanides+ DPP-4i |
Metformin+ Vildagliptin (75) | Yes | Yes | No | – |
| Metformin+ Sitagliptin (76) | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Metformin+ Gemigliptin (77) | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Metformin+ Linagliptin (78) | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Metformin+ Saxagliptin (79) | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Biguanides + SGLT2i |
Metformin+ Canagliflozin (80) | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Metformin+ Dapagliflozin (81) | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Metformin+ Empagliflozin (82) | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Biguanides + GLP-1 RA | Metformin+ Exenatide (83) | Yes | Yes | No | - b |
| Biguanides + TZDs | Metformin+ Pioglitazone (84) | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Biguanides + Agi | Metformin+ Acarbose (85) | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Insulin + SU |
Insulin + Glimepiride (86) | Yes | No | No | – |
| Insulin + DPP-4i |
Insulin + Sitagliptin (87) |
Yes | Yes | Yes | – |
| Insulin + SGLT2i | Insulin + Empagliflozin (88) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Insulin + GLP-1 RA |
Insulin + Lixisenatide (89) | Yes | Yes | Yes | – |
| Insulin + Semaglutide (90) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Insulin + TZDs |
Insulin + Pioglitazone (91) | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| SGLT2i + DPP-4i |
Empagliflozin + Linagliptin (92) | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| DPP-4 i + TZDs |
Alogliptin + Pioglitazone (93) | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| Agi + DPP-4i |
Miglitol + Sitagliptin (94) | Yes | – | – | – |
| SGLT2i + GLP-1 RA |
Dapagliflozin + Exenatide (95) | Yes | Yes | – | – |
Severe hypoglycemia was defined as events characterized by low blood glucose that required the assistance of another person with the administration of carbohydrates, glucagon, or other medical therapies to recover (48). Here is whether the event occurred in the study cohort.
- represent not mention.
Serious adverse event was summarized through the results based on different study cohorts. Here, “yes” indicates that in the corresponding study, this combination was reported to have serious adverse events in their cohort.
SU, sulphonylureas; DPP-4i, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors; SGLTi, sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors; GLP-1 RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; TZDs, thiazolidinediones; Agi, Alpha glucosidase inhibitors.