Figure 5.

Pasteurized A. muciniphila treatment reverses post-infectious anxiety- and cognition-like behavior induced by C. rodentium infection. After a treatment with pasteurized A. muciniphila (pAkk), anxiety-related behavior induced by a C. rodentium post-infection were determined by EPM test at 21 days post-infection (DPI) and by the hole-board test at 22 DPI (n = 12 per group). (a) Number of entries and (b) time spent in open arms (monitoring for 5 minutes) during the EPM test. (c) Number of head dips made on the hole-board during 5 minutes were quantified (n = 10–12 per group). Cognition-related behaviors analyses were performed using (d) the Y-maze test in which spontaneous alternation were measured for 10 minutes and (e-f) time spent exploring the novel object and the relocated object during novel object and relocation tests, respectively. Data are from two independent experiments. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001.