. 2023 Aug 30;37(1):39–49. doi: 10.5713/ab.23.0169

Table 2.

Incidence of farrowing assistance and reproductive performance of sows in five commercial swine herds in Thailand (least square means±SEM)

Variables	Herd

	A	B	C	D	E
Number of sows	45	31	73	105	98
Parity number	5.1±0.1^a	4.1±0.2^b	4.2±0.1^b	4.2±0.2^b	4.4±0.1^b
Backfat thickness at 109 days of gestation (mm)	16.5±0.5^a	16.0±0.7^ab	14.6±0.4^b	14.1±0.8^c	NA
Farrowing duration (min)	201.9±32.2^a	227.8±36.7^a	253.4±22.9^ab	346.4±46.1^b	346.0±22.6^b
Farrowing assistance (%)	53.3^a	41.9^a	42.5^a	5.7^c	31.6^b
Number of birth assistance	3.4±0.9^a	3.4±1.0^a	5.3±0.6^a	2.1±1.6^a	4.5±0.7^a
TB	14.9±0.2^ab	14.9±0.3^ab	15.0±0.2^a	15.7±0.3^b	15.3±0.2^ab
BA	13.6±0.4^a	12.1±0.4^b	12.9±0.3^ab	13.9±0.5^a	13.2±0.3^a
SB	1.0±0.2^ab	1.6±0.3^a	1.3±0.2^a	0.5±0.3^b	1.5±0.2^a
MF	0.3±0.2^a	0.9±0.2^ab	0.6±0.2^a	1.3±0.3^b	0.5±0.1^a
Colostrum yield (kg)	5.0±0.2^a	4.6±0.3^a	5.2±0.2^a	6.0±0.3^b	5.1±0.2^a
Number of piglets	568	443	1,077	1,832	1,634
Birth interval (min)	18.4±1.5^ab	22.1±2.0^a	17.8±1.0^ab	10.8±3.8^b	17.0±1.1^b
Cumulative birth interval (min)	157.2±11.9^a	120.3±14.5^ab	145.4±8.7^ab	149.6±17.5^ab	123.5±8.4^b
Birth assistance (%)	15.9^a	9.1^b	15.5^a	0.7^c	9.6^b
Birth weight (kg)	1.23±0.03^a	1.33±0.04^b	1.44±0.02^c	1.20±0.05^a	1.29±0.02^a
Body weight at 24 h (kg)	1.35±0.03^a	1.43±0.04^ab	1.52±0.02^b	1.33±0.06^a	1.38±0.02^a
Blood oxygen saturation (%)	92.4±1.0^a	90.2±1.2^ab	87.6±0.8^b	86.2±2.2^b	NA
Colostrum consumption (g)	319.2±17.0^a	321.8±22.2^a	348.5±12.4^a	322.2±30.6^a	329.3±12.4^a

SEM, standard error of the mean; NA, data not available; TB, total number of piglets born per litter; BA, number of piglets born alive per litter; SB, number of stillborn piglets per litter; MF, number of mummified fetuses per litter.

^a–c

Different superscripts within each row differ significantly (p<0.05).