Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Aug 20;1(8):511–515. doi: 10.1038/s43588-021-00114-y

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 1 — a,b, Multidimensional scaling of the human whole transcriptome by UMAP from patients with UC and CD, as well as healthy (control) participants. c, MA plots showing the differential gene expression results, expressed as log₂(fold change) between the indicated comparisons (M) as a function of log₂(average gene expression) (A). Red dots represent genes being differentially expressed with high statistical significance (false discovery rate (FDR) < 1 × 10⁻¹⁰). The number of differentially expressed genes and their trends are indicated in red. d, Box plots showing differential tumor necrosis factor (TNF) normalized expression among UC and CD, as well as healthy ileum, colon and rectum. e,f, Box plots showing differential calprotectin (S100A8 and S100A9) (e) and S100A12 (f) encoding gene normalized expression among UC and CD, as well as healthy (control) ileum, colon and rectum. g, Bar plots showing the relative abundance of the indicated bacterial phyla in stools, ileum and colon from patients with UC and CD, and healthy participants (control). h–j, Violin plots showing Shannon diversity indices among CD, healthy (control) and UC in stools (h), colon (i) and ileum (j). k, Box plots showing relative Caudovirales order abundance in colon, ileum and stools from healthy participants (control) and patients with CD, and UC. All box plots represent the sample distribution with median, minimum, maximum, first and third quartiles. An interquartile range of 1.5 is used to define outliers. Statistical differences between groups were calculated by analysis of variance with Tukey’s honestly significant difference post hoc test for multiple comparisons. Differences with adjusted P ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. For complete statistics, see Supplementary Table 2.

Source data