Fig. 5. Drug–adverse event associations in gender networks.

Networks are constructed from drug–adverse event associations that are disproportionately enriched in women or men during the pandemic. Nodes represent adverse drug reactions (red circles) and drugs (squares). Drugs’ node color is determined by the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system. Only nodes with at least one link are shown. Dashed links indicate that associations may be influenced by disease confounders (Supplementary Data 10 and 11). a, Drug–adverse event associations enriched in women. b, Drug–adverse event associations enriched in men. Associations between cardiac arrest and nervous system drugs are found in both networks. A link between remdesivir and respiratory failure is found in male but not in female patients.