Table 1.

Summary of mt-NAs, their interacting receptors, and the associated human diseases.

mt-NA	Interacting receptors	Associated diseases
mtDNA	cGAS	SARS-CoV-236 Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis38 Acute kidney injury40 Rheumatoid arthritis41 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis42
	TLR9	SARS-CoV-2 infection45 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome46
	NLRP3	Acute myocardial infarction50 Systemic lupus erythematosus50 Rheumatoid arthritis51 Type II diabetes51 Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis51
	AIM2	Nonalcoholic fatty acid liver disease and hepatocyte pyroptosis52 Type II diabetes53
mtRNA	RLRs	Aberrant immune responses11
	TLR3	Alcoholic liver disease27,61 Osteoarthritis26
	PKR	Osteoarthritis26 Sjögren’s disease57 Huntington’s disease59