Fig. 1.

Virtual embodiment and first-person perspective for functional recovery and training. a Patient view from the head-mounted display. The body is seen from a first-person perspective. The panels in a represent a visit of the patient to a virtual hospital where he is examined and asked to perform a physical task. There is an interaction with a virtual clinician. This clinician could be entirely virtual or represent a real, remotely located person. Taken with permission from Perez-Marcos et al. (2012). Frontiers in Neurology, 3, 110. b Left panel, real-world view of the patient with the post-surgical, immobilized right arm. Right panel, first-person perspective of the arm performing a set of exercises following the process of embodiment. Taken with permission from Matamala-Gomez et al. (2022). Impact of virtual embodiment and exercises on functional ability and range of motion in orthopedic rehabilitation. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 5046. c Approaches to the reduction of chronic pain: varying transparency of the embodied arm. The red ball is used for visuotactile multisensory stimulation in order to induce ownership over the virtual arm. Taken with permission from Matamala-Gomez et al. The Journal of Pain 20.6 (2019): 685-697