. 2023 Nov 28;72(1):61–94. doi: 10.1007/s11748-023-01979-8

Table 2.

Acquired (total, (1) + (2) + (4) + (5) + (6) + (7) + isolated operations for arrhythmia in (3); 32,509

(1) Valvelar heart disease (total; 18,366)
	Valve	Cases	Operation					30-Day mortality				Hospital mortality		Redo
			Mechanical	Bioprosthesis	Repair	Unknown	with CABG	Hospital		After discharge		Hospital mortality		Cases	30-Day mortality		Hospital mortality
			Mechanical	Bioprosthesis	Repair	Unknown	with CABG	Replace	Repair	Replace	Repair	Replace	Repair	Cases	Hosipital	After discharge	Hospital mortality
Isolated	A	8592	949	7465	125	53	2115	146 (1.7)	2 (1.6)	2 (0.02)	0	268 (3.2)	3 (2.4)	629	30 (4.8)	0	46 (7.3)
	M	4471	414	849	3177	31	607	50 (4.0)	17 (0.5)	1 (0.08)	1 (0.03)	97 (7.7)	36 (1.1)	622	15 (2.4)	0	39 (6.3)
	T	226	5	63	157	1	30	3 (4.4)	5 (3.2)	0	0	5 (7.4)	8 (5.1)	64	1 (1.6)	0	4 (6.3)
	P	11	0	11	0	0	1	0	2 (40)	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
A + M		1064					189	45 (4.2)		1 (0.09)		80 (7.5)		158	9 (5.7)	0	17 (10.8)
	A		202	827	31	4
	M		140	381	538	5
A + T		381					68	16 (4.2)		1 (0.3)		25 (6.6)		58	2 (3.4)	0	3 (5.2)
	A		48	331	2	0
	T		0	0	371	10
M + T		2818					292	48 (1.7)		1 (0.04)		92 (3.3)		358	9 (2.5)	1 (0.3)	19 (5.3)
	M		260	811	1734	13
	T		8	24	2762	24
A + M + T		756					104	25 (3.3)		0		50 (6.6)		104	4 (3.8)	1 (1.0)	9 (8.7)
	A		84	655	15	2
	M		57	335	354	10
	T		0	10	743	3
Others		47					4	1 (2.1)		0		1 (2.1)		19	1 (5.3)	0	1 (5.3)
Total		18,366					3410	358 (1.9)		7 (0.04)		665 (3.6)		2022	71 (3.5)	2 (0.1)	138 (6.8)

	Cases	30-Day mortality
TAVR	9774	99	(1.0)

(2) Ischemic heart disease (total, (A) + (B); 11,524)
(A) Isolated CABG (total; (a) + (b); 10,311)
(a-1) On-pump arrest CABG (total; 2263)
	Primary, elective				Primary, emergent				Redo, elective				Redo, emergent				Artery only	Artery + svg	svg only	Others	Unclear
	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality
	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality
1VD	36	1 (2.8)	0	1 (2.8)	12	2 (16.7)	0	2 (16.7)	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	14	15	0	0
2VD	257	4 (1.6)	0	7 (2.7)	39	3 (7.7)	0	6 (15.4)	3	0	0	0	1	1 (100.0)	0	1 (100.0)	34	235	30	1	0
3VD	847	8 (0.9)	0	14 (1.7)	80	2 (2.5)	0	6 (7.5)	3	1 (33.3)	0	1 (33.3)	1	0	0	0	30	869	28	4	0
LMT	792	15 (1.9)	0	21 (2.7)	152	11 (7.2)	0	17 (11.2)	3	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	83	822	38	6	0
No info	24	0	0	1 (4.2)	8	1 (12.5)	0	1 (12.5)	1	1 (100.0)	0	1 (100.0)	1	1 (100.0)	0	1 (100.0)	3	23	7	0	1
Total	1956	28 (1.4)	0	44 (2.2)	291	19 (6.5)	0	32 (11.0)	11	2 (18.2)	0	2 (18.2)	5	2 (40.0)	0	2 (40.0)	170	1963	118	11	1
Kawasaki	4	1 (25.0)	0	1 (25.0)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	0	0	0	0
on dialysis	249	12 (4.8)	0	15 (6.0)	37	0	0	4 (10.8)	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	19	252	18	0	0
(), % mortality
CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, 1VD one-vessel disease, 2VD two-vessel disease, 3VD three-vessel disease, LMT left main trunk, SVG saphenous vein graft
LMT includes LMT alone or LMT with other branch diseases

(a-2) On-pump beating CABG (total; 2034)
	Primary, elective					Primary, emergent				Redo, elective				Redo, emergent				Artery only	Artery + svg	svg only	Others	Unclear
	Cases	30 day mortality			Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality
	Cases	Hospital	After discharge		Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality
1VD	30	1 (3.3)	0	0	1 (3.3)	9	1 (11.1)	0	2 (22.2)	2	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	18	14	10	0	0
2VD	211	3 (1.4)	0	0	5 (2.4)	36	4 (11.1)	0	6 (16.7)	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	56	172	18	3	0
3VD	679	13 (1.9)	0	0	20 (2.9)	133	14 (10.5)	0	21 (15.8)	9	0	0	1 (11.1)	1	0	0	0	93	697	26	6	0
LMT	664	14 (2.1)	1	0.150602	21 (3.2)	212	15 (7.1)	0	23 (10.8)	11	1 (9.1)	0	2 (18.2)	4	2 (50.0)	0	3 (75.0)	154	701	34	2	0
No info	21	0 (0.0)	0	0	0 (0.0)	6	3 (50.0)	0	3 (50.0)	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	1 (33.3)	9	11	8	2	0
Total	1605	31 (1.9)	1	0.062305	47 (2.9)	396	37 (9.3)	0 (0.0)	55 (13.9)	24	1 (4.2)	0	3 (12.5)	9	2 (22.2)	0	4 (44.4)	330	1595	96	13	0
Kawasaki	6	0	0		0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	5	0	0	0
on dialysis	246	18 (7.3)	0		25 (10.2)	54	14 (25.9)	0 (0.0)	21 (38.9)	5	0 (0.0)	0	2 (40.0)	4	2 (50.0)	0	3 (75.0)	33	249	24	3	0
(), % mortality
CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, 1VD one-vessel disease, 2VD two-vessel disease, 3VD three-vessel disease, LMT left main trunk, SVG saphenous vein graft
LMT includes LMT alone or LMT with other branch diseases

(b) Off-pump CABG (total; 6014)
(Including cases of planned off-pump CABG in which, during surgery, the change is made to an on-pump CABG or on-pump beating-heart procedure)
	Primary, elective				Primary, emergent					Redo, elective				Redo, emergent				Artery only	Artery + svg	svg only	Others	Unclear
	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality			Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality
	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge		Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality
1VD	340	0 (0.0)	0	1 (0.3)	28	3 (10.7)	0		3 (10.7)	5	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	256	76	41	0	1
2VD	836	2 (0.2)	0	9 (1.1)	63	1 (1.6)	0		3 (4.8)	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	301	579	21	3	1
3VD	2151	18 (0.8)	3 (0.1)	29 (1.3)	182	5 (2.7)	0		7 (3.8)	8	0	0	0 (0.0)	7	1 (14.3)	0	1 (14.3)	438	1857	32	21	0
LMT	1966	13 (0.7)	2 (0.1)	24 (1.2)	328	11 (3.4)	1	0.304878	18 (5.5)	15	0	0	0	3	0 (0.0)	0	0 (0.0)	615	1641	43	11	2
No info	50	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (2.0)	19	0	0		3 (15.8)	4	0	0	0	2	2 (100.0)	0	2 (100.0)	26	41	8	0	0
Total	5343	33 (0.6)	5 (0.1)	64 (1.2)	620	20 (3.2)	1	0.16129	34 (5.5)	38	0	0	0 (0.0)	13	3 (23.1)	0	3 (23.1)	1636	4194	145	35	4
Kawasaki	11	0	0	0	1	0	0		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	7	0	0	0
on dialysis	584	4 (0.7)	1 (0.2)	12 (2.1)	56	2 (3.6)	0		4 (7.1)	6	0	0	0 (0.0)	2	0 (0.0)	0	0 (0.0)	139	482	25	2	0
(), % mortality
CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, 1VD one-vessel disease, 2VD two-vessel disease, 3VD three-vessel disease, LMT left main trunk, SVG saphenous vein graft
LMT includes LMT alone or LMT with other branch diseases

(c) Cases of conversion, during surgery, from off-pump CABG to on-pump CABG or on- pump beating-heart CABG (these cases are also included in category (b))
	Primary, elective				Primary, emergent				Redo, elective				Redo, emergent
	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30 day mortality		Hospital mortality
	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality
Converted to arrest	24	2 (8.3)	0	3 (12.5)	5	2 (40.0)	0	2 (40.0)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Converted to beating	97	6 (6.2)	0	10 (10.3)	30	4 (13.3)	0	5 (16.7)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total	121	8 (6.6)	0	13 (10.7)	35	6 (17.1)	0	7 (20.0)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
On dialysis	36	4 (11.1)	0	7 (19.4)	5	1 (20.0)	0	2 (40.0)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
(), % mortality
CABG coronary artery bypass grafting

(B) Operation for complications of MI (total; 1213)
	Chronic				Acute				Concomitant operation
	Cases	30-Day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30-Day mortality		Hospital mortality	Concomitant operation
	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	CABG	MVP	MVR
Infarctectomy or aneurysmectomy	119	8 (6.7)	0	10 (8.4)	26	4 (15.4)	0	7 (26.9)	80	31	2
VSP closure	85	9 (10.6)	0	13 (15.3)	250	67 (26.8)	0	87 (34.8)	92	0	8
Cardiac rupture	37	12 (32.4)	0	12 (32.4)	247	63 (25.5)	0	80 (32.4)	46	3	9
Mitral regurgitation
(1) Papillary muscle rupture	9	0	0	0	51	10 (19.6)	0	16 (31.4)	26	4	56
(2) Ischemic	204	12 (5.9)	0	24 (11.8)	39	8 (20.5)	0	12 (30.8)	191	138	105
Others	69	1 (1.4)	0	4 (5.8)	77	25 (32.5)	0	27 (35.1)	51	8	5
Total	523	42 (8.0)	0	63 (12.0)	690	177 (25.7)	0	229 (33.2)	486	184	185
(), % mortality
MI myocardial infarction; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; MVP, mitral valve repair; MVR, mitral valve replacement; VSP, ventricular septal perforation
Acute, within 2 weeks from the onset of myocardial infarction

(3) Operation for arrhythmia (total; 6831)
	Cases	30-Day mortality		Hospital mortality	Concomitant operation
		30-Day mortality			Isolated	Congenital	Valve	IHD	Others	Multiple combination
		Hospital	After discharge		Isolated	Congenital	Valve	IHD	Others	2 categories	3 categories
Maze	3680	55 (1.5)	1 (0.03)	104 (2.8)	204	158	3126	631	344	728	45
For WPW	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
For ventricular tachyarrhythmia	23	1 (4.3)	0	1 (4.3)	5	0	10	10	1	0	0
Others	3128	60 (1.9)	1 (0.03)	117 (3.7)	68	139	2625	575	378	626	42
Total	6831	116 (1.7)	2 (0.03)	222 (3.2)	277	297	5761	1216	723	1354	87
(), % mortality
WPW Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, IHD ischemic heart disease
Except for 170 isolated cases, all remaining 5164 cases are doubly allocated, one for this subgroup and the other for the subgroup corresponding to the concomitant operations

(4) Operation for constrictive pericarditis (total; 210)
	CPB (+)				CPB (−)
	Cases	30-Day mortality		Hospital mortality	Cases	30-Day mortality		Hospital mortality
	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality
Total	119	7 (5.9)	0	18 (15.1)	91	3 (3.3)	1 (1.1)	7 (7.7)
(), % mortality
CPB cardiopulmonary bypass

(5) Cardiac tumor (total; 628)
	Cases	30-Day mortality		Hospital mortality	Concomitant operation
	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	AVR	MVR	CABG	Others
Benign tumor	537	4 (0.7)	0	4 (0.7)	30	23	60	116
(Cardiac myxoma)	353	0	0	0	9	7	33	67
Malignant tumor	91	6 (6.6)	1 (1.1)	9 (9.9)	3	3	1	9
(Primary)	48	3 (6.3)	0	4 (8.3)	1	3	1	5
(), % mortality
AVR aortic valve replacement, MVR mitral valve replacement, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting

(6) HOCM and DCM (total; 264)
	Cases	30-Day mortality		Hospital mortality	Concomitant operation
	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality	AVR	MVR	MVP	CABG
Myectomy	118	3 (2.5)	0	5 (4.2)	41	17	24	10
Myotomy	5	0	0	1 (20.0)	1	1	1	0
No-resection	133	7 (5.3)	0	10 (7.5)	27	60	73	14
Volume reduction surgery of the left ventricle	8	0	0	0	0	1	2	2
Total	264	10 (3.8)	0	16 (6.1)	69	79	100	26
(), % mortality
HOCM hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, DCM dilated cardiomyopathy, AVR aortic valve replacement, MVR mitral valve replacement, MVP mitral valve repair, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting

(7) Other open-heart operation (total; 1240)
	Cases	30-Day mortality		Hospital mortality
	Cases	Hospital	After discharge	Hospital mortality
Open-heart operation	511	56 (11.0)	0	83 (16.2)
Non-open-heart operation	729	81 (11.1)	0	114 (15.6)
Total	1240	137 (11.0)	0	197 (15.9)

(), % mortality