Table 33.

Benign esophageal diseases

	Operation (+)				T/L*3
	Cases	Hospital mortality			Cases	Hospital mortality
		~ 30 days	31–90 days	Total (including after 91 days mortality)		~ 30 days	31–90 days	Total (including after 91 days mortality)
1. Achalasia	169	0	0	0	62	0	0	0
2. Benign tumor	27	0	0	0	27	0	0	0
3. Diverticulum	28	0	0	0	5	0	0	0
4. Hiatal hernia	422	2 (0.5)	0	2 (0.5)	357	1 (0.3)		1 (0.3)
5. Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus	92	4 (4.3)	3 (3.3)	7 (7.6)	0	0	0	0
6. Esophago-tracheal fistula	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
7. Esophagitis, Esophageal ulcer	75	0	0	0	68	0	0	0
8. Corrosive stricture of the esophagus	44	0	0	0	17	0	0	0
Total	860	6 (0.7)	3 (0.3)	9 (1.0)	536	1 (0.2)	0	1 (0.2)

(), Mortality %

T/L thoracoscopic and/or laparoscopic