Table 4.
Bootstrap results for the mediation effect.
| Mediating path | Indirect effect | Boot standard error | p value | 95% confidence interval | Relative mediation effect | Total mediation effect | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower limit | Upper limit | ||||||
| Total Effect | 0.1456 | – | 0.000 | 0.0804 | 0.2108 | – | 100.00% |
| Total Indirect Effect | 0.0728 | 0.0161 | – | 0.0429 | 0.1068 | 100.00% | 50.00% |
| Indirect Effect 1 | 0.0154 | 0.0073 | – | 0.0029 | 0.0312 | 21.15% | 10.58% |
| Indirect Effect 2 | 0.0463 | 0.0126 | – | 0.0237 | 0.0736 | 63.60% | 31.80% |
| Indirect Effect 3 | 0.0111 | 0.0049 | – | 0.0028 | 0.0222 | 15.25% | 7.62% |
Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output is 95%. Number of bootstrap samples for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals is 5000. Mediating path in this table are: Indirect effect 1 represents “Student–GAI Interaction➔Self-Efficacy➔Learning Achievement”; Indirect effect 2 represents “Student–GAI Interaction➔Cognitive Engagement➔Learning Achievement.” Indirect effect 3 represents “Student–GAI Interaction➔Self-Efficacy➔Cognitive Engagement➔Learning Achievement.”