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. 2023 Dec 22;14:1285392. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1285392

Table 5.

The PSM results.

Treatment variable Output variable Sample Average value of output variable for the treatment group Average value of output variable for the control group ATT t-stat
Interact with GAI Self-Efficacy Unmatched 3.6939 3.5110 0.1829*** 3.45
Matched 3.6934 3.5231 0.1703** 2.03
Interact with GAI Cognitive Engagement Unmatched 3.9333 3.7333 0.2000*** 3.75
Matched 3.9330 3.7160 0.2170*** 2.72

50.9% of the sample is in the control group and 49.1% of the sample is in the treat group. Statistical significance is denoted by: ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, and *p < 0.1.