Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the entire study cohort
| Number | 1365 |
|---|---|
| Clinical background | |
| Age | 84 ± 5 |
| Male | 441 (32.3) |
| BMI | 22.4 ± 3.8 |
| NYHA III/IV, n (%) | 483 (35.4) |
| CHF, n (%) | 796 (58.3) |
| CAD, n (%) | 408 (29.9) |
| Prior PCI, n (%) | 246 (18.0) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1084 (79.4) |
| DM, n (%) | 358 (26.2) |
| DL, n (%) | 722 (52.9) |
| Chronic lung disease | 232 (17.0) |
| Prior MI, n (%) | 74 (5.4) |
| Smoking current/quit | 342 (25.1) |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 239 (17.5) |
| STS PROM, % | 7.1 ± 5.6 |
| Laboratory data | |
| WBC, /µL | 5630 ± 1804 |
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 11.3 ± 1.6 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 221 (103–489) |
| NT-proBNP pg/mL | 1197 (545–3098) |
| TAVR procedure | |
| Approach | |
| Trans-femoral, n (%) | 1156 (84.7) |
| Trans-apical, n (%) | 163 (11.9) |
| Trans-aorta, n (%) | 25 (1.8) |
| Others, n (%) | 21 (1.5) |
| Valve type | |
| Sapien XT, n (%) | 343 (25.1) |
| Sapien 3, n (%) | 724 (53.0) |
| CoreValve, n (%) | 76 (5.6) |
| EvoluteR, n (%) | 173 (12.7) |
| EvolutePRO, n (%) | 49 (3.6) |
| Valve size | |
| 20 mm, n (%) | 69 (5.1) |
| 23 mm, n (%) | 620 (45.4) |
| 26 mm, n (%) | 494 (36.2) |
| 29 mm, n (%) | 182 (13.3) |
| Echocardiographic variables | |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 129 ± 21 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 65 ± 13 |
| Heart rate, b.p.m. | 69 ± 13 |
| LVEDV, mL | 85 ± 32 |
| LVESV, mL | 34 ± 22 |
| LVEF, % | 62 ± 11 |
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 122 ± 39 |
| LAD, mm | 42 ± 7 |
| LAVi, mL/m2 | 56 ± 22 |
| E, cm/s | 84 ± 31 |
| E-DCT, ms | 267 ± 95 |
| E/e′ | 19.2 ± 8.9 |
| AV Vmax, m/s | 453 ± 82 |
| AV mean PG. mmHg | 50.4 ± 19.3 |
| AVAi, cm2/m2 | 0.44 ± 0.13 |
| SVi, mL/m2 | 47 ± 13 |
| TR velocity, m/s | 259 ± 45 |
| TAPSE, mm | 19.2 |
| FAC, % | 43.3 ± 8.9 |
| IVC, mm | 13.4 ± 4.1 |
| LVGLS, % | 11.9 ± 4.2 |
| More than moderate AR, n (%) | 174 (12.7) |
| More than moderate MR, n (%) | 172 (12.6) |
| More than moderate TR, n (%) | 138 (10.1) |
Data are expressed as the number of patients (percentage) and mean ± SD or median (interquartile range).
AR, aortic regurgitation; AV, aortic valve; AVAi, aortic valve area index; BMI, body mass index; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; DCT; deceleration time; DL, dyslipidaemia; DM, diabetes mellitus; E, early diastolic filling velocity; e′, early mitral annular velocity; FAC, fractional area change; GLS, global longitudinal strain; IVC, inferior vena cava; LAD, left atrial dimension; LAVi, left atrial volume index; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV, left ventricular stroke volume; MI, myocardial infarction; MR, mitral regurgitation; NT-pro BNP; N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association;
PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STS PROM; Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality; SVi, stroke volume index; TAPSE; tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR; tricuspid valve regurgitation; WBC; white blood cell.