Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the study adults in the United States from NHANES 2017–2018 (n = 1,199).
| Variables | Overall (n = 1,199) | Non-NAFLD (n = 863) | NAFLD (n = 336) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 45.87±0.85 | 44.02±0.87 | 51.24±1.60 | 0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.002 | |||
| Male | 585 (48.8) | 467 (38.9) | 118 (9.8) | |
| Female | 614 (51.2) | 396 (33.0) | 218 (18.2) | |
| Race, n (%) | 0.533 | |||
| Mexican American | 165 (13.8) | 110 (9.2) | 55 (4.6) | |
| Other Hispanic | 108 (9.0) | 82 (6.8) | 26 (2.2) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 288 (24.0) | 209 (17.4) | 79 (6.6) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 430 (35.9) | 302 (25.2) | 128 (10.7) | |
| Other race | 208 (17.3) | 160 (13.3) | 48 (4.0) | |
| Family PIR | 3.22±0.09 | 3.25±0.08 | 3.14±0.18 | 0.521 |
| Education level, n (%) | 0.414 | |||
| Less than high school | 172 (14.3) | 118 (9.8) | 54 (4.5) | |
| High school | 276 (23.0) | 188 (15.7) | 88 (7.3) | |
| More than high school | 751 (62.6) | 557 (46.5) | 194 (16.2) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | 0.009 | |||
| Having a partner | 724 (60.4) | 502 (41.9) | 222 (18.5) | |
| No partner | 257 (21.4) | 181 (15.1) | 76 (6.3) | |
| Unmarried | 218 (18.2) | 180 (15.0) | 38 (3.2) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 0.002 | |||
| No | 709 (59.1) | 537 (44.8) | 172 (14.3) | |
| Yes | 490 (40.9) | 326 (27.2) | 164 (13.7) | |
| DM, n (%) | 0.007 | |||
| No | 966 (80.6) | 716 (59.7) | 250 (20.9) | |
| Yes | 233 (19.4) | 147 (12.3) | 86 (7.2) | |
| Smoker, n (%) | 0.561 | |||
| No | 705 (58.8) | 495 (41.3) | 210 (17.5) | |
| Former | 270 (22.5) | 195 (16.3) | 75 (6.3) | |
| Now | 224 (18.7) | 173 (14.4) | 51 (4.3) | |
| Alcohol user, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 117 (9.9) | 51 (4.3) | 66 (5.5) | |
| Mild | 560 (46.7) | 425 (35.4) | 135 (11.2) | |
| Moderate | 259 (21.6) | 185 (15.4) | 74 (6.2) | |
| Heavy | 263 (21.9) | 202 (16.8) | 61 (5.1) | |
| CHD, n (%) | 0.131 | |||
| No | 1160 (96.7) | 842 (70.2) | 318 (26.5) | |
| Yes | 39 (3.3) | 21 (1.8) | 18 (1.5) | |
| CHF, n (%) | 0.013 | |||
| No | 1181 (98.5) | 850 (70.9) | 331 (27.6) | |
| Yes | 18 (1.5) | 13 (1.1) | 5 (0.4) | |
| Angina pectoris, n (%) | 0.048 | |||
| No | 1177 (98.2) | 850 (70.9) | 327 (27.3) | |
| Yes | 22 (1.8) | 13 (1.1) | 9 (0.8) | |
| Heart attack, n (%) | 0.050 | |||
| No | 1159 (96.7) | 836 (69.7) | 323 (26.9) | |
| Yes | 40 (3.3) | 27 (2.3) | 13 (1.1) | |
| Stroke, n (%) | 0.611 | |||
| No | 1162 (96.9) | 839 (70.0) | 323 (26.9) | |
| Yes | 37 (3.1) | 24 (2.0) | 13 (1.1) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.24±0.37 | 28.72±0.36 | 30.73±0.77 | 0.019 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 99.56±0.82 | 98.10±0.81 | 103.78±1.69 | 0.005 |
| Mean energy | 2141.06±30.69 | 2164.97±36.09 | 2071.52±30.60 | 0.022 |
| Intake (kcal/day) | ||||
| Neu, 1000 cells/uL | 3.85±0.07 | 3.78±0.08 | 4.04±0.11 | 0.038 |
| Lym, 1000 cells/uL | 2.06±0.03 | 2.03±0.04 | 2.15±0.04 | 0.044 |
| Monocyte, 1000 cells/uL | 0.54±0.01 | 0.54±0.01 | 0.54±0.02 | 0.888 |
| Platelet, 10^9/L | 238.03±3.28 | 234.17±3.52 | 249.24±5.27 | 0.012 |
| Hb, g/dL | 14.44±0.08 | 14.58±0.09 | 14.03±0.12 | 0.001 |
| FBG, mg/dL | 108.89±1.43 | 107.27±1.00 | 113.61±3.56 | 0.078 |
| Hs CRP, mg/L | 3.37±0.23 | 2.83±0.16 | 4.95±0.76 | 0.018 |
| Alt, U/L | 23.88±0.79 | 26.82±1.09 | 15.33±0.52 | < 0.001 |
| Ast, U/L | 22.76±0.63 | 24.69±0.84 | 17.14±0.33 | < 0.001 |
| GGT, iu/L | 29.25±1.18 | 31.52±1.63 | 22.64±0.95 | < 0.001 |
| TC, mg/dL | 187.43±2.19 | 186.53±2.39 | 190.07±3.19 | 0.307 |
| TG, mg/dL | 108.94±3.39 | 108.20±4.42 | 111.10±4.08 | 0.649 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 54.78±0.79 | 54.86±0.84 | 54.55±1.13 | 0.780 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 14.49±0.20 | 14.34±0.17 | 14.93±0.41 | 0.137 |
| UA, mg/dL | 5.41±0.06 | 5.40±0.08 | 5.46±0.08 | 0.596 |
| Scr, mg/dL | 0.86±0.01 | 0.87±0.01 | 0.83±0.01 | 0.111 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 96.93±1.11 | 98.20±1.25 | 93.26±1.31 | 0.007 |
| SII index | 475.65±11.45 | 463.97±12.28 | 509.63±18.88 | 0.033 |
| SIRI | 1.11±0.03 | 1.10±0.03 | 1.13±0.05 | 0.619 |
Abbreviations: DM, diabetes mellitus; CHD, coronary heart disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; BMI, body mass index; Hb, hemoglobin; FBG, fast glucose; Hs CRP, hypersensitive C-reactive protein; Alt, alanine aminotransferase; Ast, aspartate amino transferase; GGT, gamma glutamyl transferase; Alk, alkaline phosphatase; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; UA, uric acid; Scr, serum creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SII index, systemic immune inflammation index; SIRI, system inflammation response index.