Table 1.
Comparison of patient characteristics based the ADL independence at hospital discharge
| Variable | All patients (n=203) | ADL independence (n=143) | ADL dependence (n=60) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 71 (61–79) | 69 (57–76) | 78 (70–85) | <0.001 |
| Sex, male | 131 (64.5) | 96 (67.1) | 35 (58.3) | 0.262 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23 (20–26) | 23 (21–26) | 22 (19–24) | 0.004 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (0–3) | 0.783 |
| Barthel Index before hospitalizationa) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 0.040 |
| (100–100) | (100–100) | (100–100) | ||
| ICU admission diagnosis | ||||
| Acute respiratory failure | 43 (21.2) | 30 (21.0) | 22 (36.7) | 0.074 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 74 (36.5) | 48 (33.6) | 10 (16.7) | |
| Gastric or colonic surgery | 31 (15.3) | 23 (16.1) | 8 (13.3) | |
| Sepsis, non-pulmonary origin status | 32 (15.8) | 22 (15.4) | 12 (20.0) | |
| Other diagnoses | 23 (11.3) | 20 (14.0) | 8 (13.3) | |
| APACHE II score | 20 (14–25) | 18 (13–24) | 21 (16–28) | - |
| SOFA at ICU admission | 7 (4–10) | 6 (3–9) | 8 (6–10) | 0.001 |
| Highest IMS during ICU stay | 6 (3–8) | 7 (4–9) | 4 (2–7) | <0.001 |
| ICU length of stayb) | 5 (4–9) | 5 (3–7) | 8 (4–14) | 0.001 |
| Incidence of ICU-acquired weakness | 42 (20.7) | 20 (14.0) | 22 (36.7) | <0.001 |
| Hospital length of stayb) | 18 (10–25) | 25 (19–44) | 32 (21–67) | 0.104 |
| EQ-5D-5L at hospital dischargeb) | 0.7 (0.4–0.9) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | <0.001 |
| In-hospital mortality | 25 (12.3) | 0 (0) | 25 (41.7) | - |
Values are presented as median (IQR) or number (%).
ADL, activity of daily living; ICU, intensive care unit; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; IMS, ICU mobility scale; EQ-5D-5L, EuroQol-5 Dimensions-5 Levels.
a)Barthel Index before hospitalization was scored at the time of ICU admission based on the information from the family or the patients if they were conscious.
b)Excluding fatal case.