Figure 2. CD47-targeted therapies present challenges and potential unintended effects due to the expression of CD47 on healthy cells. CD47 blockade can cause anemia and hematological toxicities. However, CD47 is not the only immune checkpoint molecule involved in immune evasion, and targeting other molecules such as PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, TIM-3, and IDO, either alone or in combination with CD47, has shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies. Resistance to CD47-targeted therapies has also been observed, and tumor heterogeneity and the presence of immune-suppressive cells and factors in the TME can interfere with the effectiveness of CD47-targeted therapies. Therefore, combination approaches and further research are needed to fully understand the mechanisms of resistance.
