| PI3K/Akt/mTOR |
CD47 overexpression activate PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway |
Promotes tumor cell survival, migration, and inhibits apoptosis |
[44,61] |
| NF-κB |
CD47 interacts with TSP-1, which is expressed on stromal cells in the TME, and activates downstream NF-κB pathway |
Promotes tumor cell survival, invasion, and angiogenesis while inhibiting immune cell function |
[62,63] |
| SIRPα |
CD47 interacts with SIRPα, inhibiting phagocytosis of cells expressing CD47 |
Allows cells to evade immune surveillance |
[50,60,64] |
| PI3K/Akt |
CD47 interacts with PI3K/Akt pathway |
Regulates cellular processes such as cell survival, proliferation, and migration |
[61,65] |
