Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by the presence or absence of denture use in UK Biobank
| Absence of denture | Presence of denture | All | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants | 412 742 | 83 196 | 495 938 |
| Demographic factors | |||
| Male, % | 186 277 (45.1) | 39 777 (47.8) | 226 054 (45.6) |
| Age, years | 55.6 (8.1) | 61.4 (6.3) | 56.5 (8.1) |
| Ethnicity, white, % | 388 595 (94.5) | 79 273 (95.6) | 467 868 (94.3) |
| Townsend deprivation index | −2.24 (−3.70, 0.32) | −1.60 (−3.34, 1.51) | −2.15 (−3.65, 0.53) |
| Education, university/college, % | 146 660 (35.9) | 14 153 (17.3) | 160 813 (32.4) |
| Lifestyle factors | |||
| Current smoking, % | 38 644 (9.4) | 13 494 (16.2) | 52 138 (10.5) |
| Current drinking, % | 381 763 (92.5) | 73 796 (88.7) | 455 559 (91.9) |
| Physical activity, MET-h/week | 29.2 (13.3, 58.2) | 31.1 (13.2, 65.9) | 29.5 (13.3, 59.2) |
| Family history of diseases, n (%) | |||
| Family history of CVD | 303 872 (73.6) | 61 039 (73.4) | 364 911 (73.6) |
| Family history of diabetes | 88 698 (21.5) | 18 667 (22.4) | 107 365 (21.6) |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||
| Use of antihypertensive drugs | 77 338 (18.9) | 26 271 (31.8) | 103 609 (20.9) |
| Use of cholesterol-lowering drugs | 62 792 (15.3) | 23 798 (28.8) | 86 590 (17.5) |
| Coronary artery disease | 18 222 (4.4) | 9069 (10.9) | 27 291 (5.5) |
| Myocardial infarction | 7821 (1.9) | 4066 (4.9) | 11 887 (2.4) |
| Heart failure | 1527 (0.4) | 839 (1.0) | 2366 (0.5) |
| Any stroke | 6009 (1.5) | 2713 (3.3) | 8722 (1.8) |
| Ischaemic stroke | 889 (0.2) | 372 (0.4) | 1261 (0.3) |
| Haemorrhagic stroke | 963 (0.2) | 333 (0.4) | 1296 (0.3) |
| Type 2 diabetes | 16 563 (4.0) | 6589 (7.9) | 23 152 (4.7) |
| Clinical measurements | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.3 (4.8) | 28.2 (4.9) | 27.4 (4.8) |
| WC, cm | 89.7 (13.4) | 93.1 (13.4) | 90.3 (13.5) |
| WHR | 0.87 (0.80, 0.93) | 0.89 (0.83, 0.95) | 0.87 (0.80, 0.94) |
| Height, cm | 168.7 (9.3) | 167.3 (9.3) | 168.5 (9.3) |
| SBP, mmHg | 137.1 (18.5) | 142.0 (18.9) | 137.9 (18.7) |
| DBP, mmHg | 82.2 (10.2) | 82.4 (10.1) | 82.3 (10.1) |
| Random glucose, mmol/L | 4.92 (4.59, 5.29) | 4.99 (4.65, 5.42) | 4.93 (4.60, 5.31) |
| Hba1c, % | 5.35 (5.13, 5.59) | 5.48 (5.25, 5.75) | 5.37 (5.15, 5.62) |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.46 (0.38) | 1.40 (0.37) | 1.45 (0.38) |
| LDL, mmol/L | 3.57 (0.86) | 3.52 (0.92) | 3.56 (0.87) |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.45 (1.02, 2.11) | 1.64 (1.16, 2.32) | 1.48 (1.05, 2.15) |
| TC, mmol/L | 5.71 (1.13) | 5.62 (1.22) | 5.69 (1.14) |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 1.26 (0.62, 2.61) | 1.75 (0.87, 3.57) | 1.33 (0.66, 2.76) |
Values are shown as numbers (percentages) for categorical variables and means (SDs) or medians (IQRs) for continuous variables.
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Hba1c, haemoglobin A1c; IQR, interquartile range; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; TC, total cholesterol; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.