Table 1. Characteristics of Study Samplesa.
| Characteristic | Dataset | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| PEDSnet | HIRD | T-MSIS | |
| Description | EHR data from 8 pediatric academic medical centers | Commercial health plan enrollment and claims data from 14 health plans | Medicaid enrollment and claims data from 44 states, Washington, DC, and Puerto Rico |
| Annual sample size | |||
| 2011 | 493 628 | 5 439 618 | NA |
| 2012 | 513 134 | 5 140 695 | NA |
| 2013 | 540 719 | 5 010 522 | NA |
| 2014 | 606 361 | 5 200 574 | NA |
| 2015 | 666 781 | 5 171 149 | NA |
| 2016 | 712 578 | 5 277 759 | 36 623 431 |
| 2017 | 740 059 | 5 346 699 | 35 879 612 |
| 2018 | 772 591 | 5 150 067 | 35 655 637 |
| 2019 | 815 555 | 5 137 756 | 34 824 449 |
| 2020 | 820 679 | 5 110 555 | NA |
| 2021 | 858 551 | 4 998 694 | NA |
| Age in calendar year 2019, y | |||
| <1 | 125 573 (15.4) | 294 986 (5.7) | 1 823 887 (5.2) |
| 1-4 | 179 600 (22.0) | 779 358 (15.2) | 7 320 077 (21.0) |
| 5-11 | 287 541 (35.3) | 1 577 204 (30.7) | 12 672 766 (36.4) |
| 12-17 | 199 186 (24.4) | 1 592 128 (31.0) | 9 663 000 (27.7) |
| 18-20 | 23 655 (2.9) | 894 080 (17.4) | 3 766 164 (10.8) |
| Sex | |||
| Boys | 800 313 (49.0) | 2 514 031 (48.9) | 17 660 985 (50.7) |
| Girls | 833 983 (51.0) | 2 623 725 (51.1) | 17 155 063 (49.3) |
| Race and ethnicityb | |||
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 92 452 (6.4) | NA | 1 018 738 (3.9) |
| Hispanic | 221 794 (15.4) | NA | 6 800 616 (26.2) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 427 375 (29.7) | NA | 6 760 286 (26.1) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 647 626 (44.9) | NA | 11 198 938 (43.2) |
| Multiracial | 51 959 (3.6) | NA | 137 409 (0.5) |
| Payer in 2019c | |||
| Commercial | 343 507 (55.5) | 5 137 756 (100) | 0 |
| Public | 268 479 (43.4) | 0 | 32 545 218 (100) |
| Self-pay | 7016 (1.1) | 0 | 0 |
Abbreviations: EHR, electronic health record; HIRD, Healthcare Integrated Research Database; NA, not applicable; T-MSIS, Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System.
a
Unless otherwise indicated, data are expressed as No. (%) of patients.
b
A total of 193 090 patients (11.8% of total) in the PEDSnet sample and 8 908 462 (25.6% of total) in the T-MSIS sample had missing race and ethnicity data. These patients were excluded from the race and ethnicity distributions.
c
A total of 196 553 patients (24.1% of total) in the PEDSnet sample had unknown payer data in 2019. These patients were excluded from the payer distribution.