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. 2023 Dec 19;13(12):1027–1036. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i12.1027

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©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Comparison of the level of each observation index between the two groups. A: Comparison of neurotransmitter levels between the two groups; B: Comparison of neurotransmitter levels between the two groups; C: Comparison of vascular endothelial function markers between the two groups; D: Evaluation of serum levels of β2-microglobulin, visinin-like protein 1, and glial fibrillary acidic protein between the two groups; E: Comparison of pulsatility index values of the cerebral vasculature between the two groups; F: Analyzing the difference in resistance index values of the cerebral vessels between the two groups. MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; ADL: Activities of daily living; Ach: Acetylcholine; AChE: Acetylcholinesterase; NO: Nitric oxide; ET-1: Endothelin-1; β2-MG: β2-microglobulin; GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein; VILIP-1: Visinin-like protein 1; LACA: Left-anterior cerebral artery; RACA: Right-anterior cerebral artery; LMCA: Left-middle cerebral artery; RMCA: Right-middle cerebral artery; LPCA: Left-posterior cerebral artery; RPCA: Right-posterior cerebral artery. ^aP < 0.05.