Table 3:

Univariate and multivariate associations between comorbidities, primary kidney diseases and COVID-19 outcomes in patients with CKD stage 3b–5 or dialysis.

	Univariate				Multivariate
	Hospitalization or death before hospitalization		Death		Hospitalization or death before hospitalization		Death
Characteristic	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P-value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P-value
Age and sexa
Age	1.00 (0.99–1.00)	.15	1.04 (1.03–1.05)	<.001	0.92 (0.79–1.07)	.28	1.04 (1.03–1.05)	<.001
Women	0.88 (0.76–1.02)	.10	0.81 (0.63–1.05)	.11	0.90 (0.78–1.04)	.17	0.86 (0.67–1.10)	.23
CCI scorea
Null	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
1–2	1.43 (1.12–1.83)	.004	4.57 (2.26–9.14)	<.001	1.47 (1.14–1.89)	.003	3.56 (1.77–7.15)	<.001
3–4	1.68 (1.32–2.13)	<.001	5.82 (2.93–11.54)	<.001	1.73 (1.34–2.25)	<.001	3.92 (1.95–7.87)	<.001
≥5	2.13 (1.66–2.72)	<.001	9.93 (5.02–19.63)	<.001	2.22 (1.70–2.90)	<.001	6.47 (3.22–12.98)	<.001
Comorbiditiesb
Coronary artery disease	1.47 (1.27–1.70)	<.001	2.56 (2.02–3.23)	<.001	1.44 (1.24–1.68)	<.001	2.02 (1.59–2.57)	<.001
Congestive heart failure	1.45 (1.26–1.68)	<.001	2.05 (1.62–2.59)	<.001	1.38 (1.19–1.61)	<.001	1.59 (1.25–2.02)	<.001
Peripheral vascular disease	1.29 (1.04–1.59)	.02	1.84 (1.35–2.53)	<.001	1.10 (0.88–1.37)	.40	1.49 (1.08–2.06)	.02
Cerebrovascular disease	1.18 (0.99–1.40)	.06	1.93 (1.49–2.50)	<.001	1.15 (0.97–1.38)	.12	1.60 (1.23–2.08)	<.001
Hemiplegia	1.02 (0.60–1.74)	.94	1.65 (0.82–3.38)	.17	0.93 (0.55–1.59)	.80	1.62 (0.79–3.35)	.19
Dementia	1.39 (0.80–2.42)	.25	3.04 (1.58–5.84)	<.001	1.37 (0.79–2.41)	.27	2.44 (1.26–4.71)	.008
Chronic pulmonary disease	1.39 (1.15–1.68)	<.001	1.75 (1.30–2.34)	<.001	1.36 (1.12–1.64)	.002	1.59 (1.18–2.13)	.002
Diabetes without complications	1.53 (1.33–1.75)	<.001	1.72 (1.36–2.17)	<.001	1.48 (1.28–1.73)	<.001	1.64 (1.30–2.08)	<.001
Diabetes with end-organ damage	1.68 (1.46–1.93)	<.001	1.70 (1.34–2.15)	<.001	1.59 (1.38–1.83)	<.001	1.66 (1.32–2.10)	<.001
Connective tissue disorder	0.88 (0.69–1.11)	.28	1.12 (0.78–1.62)	.54	0.91 (0.71–1.15)	.42	1.13 (0.78–1.63)	.54
Mild liver disease	1.77 (1.26–2.49)	.001	1.27 (0.67–2.40)	.47	1.50 (1.06–2.12)	.02	1.49 (0.78–2.86)	.23
Moderate or severe liver disease	1.68 (1.09–2.59)	.02	1.60 (0.78–3.28)	.20	1.59 (1.03–2.45)	.04	1.73 (0.84–3.57)	.14
Peptic ulcer disease	1.35 (1.07–1.72)	.01	1.74 (1.21–2.49)	.01	1.25 (0.98–1.59)	.07	1.48 (1.03–2.12)	.04
Leukaemia, myeloma, lymphoma	0.73 (0.47–1.13)	.16	0.73 (0.34–1.55)	.41	0.69 (0.44–1.08)	.10	0.69 (0.32–1.48)	.34
Solid tumor without metastases	0.88 (0.75–1.03)	.11	1.23 (0.97–1.58)	.10	0.90 (0.77–1.06)	.20	0.95 (0.74–1.23)	.71
Solid metastatic tumor	0.65 (0.40–1.06)	.08	0.45 (0.17–1.22)	.12	0.67 (0.41–1.09)	.11	0.43 (0.16–1.16)	.10
Primary kidney diseasec
Glomerulonephritis	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Diabetic kidney disease	1.42 (1.11–1.82)	.005	1.92 (1.23–3.00)	.004	1.21 (0.94–1.57)	.14	1.35 (0.96–1.90)	.08
Hypertensive/renovascular kidney disease	1.04 (0.81–1.33)	.77	1.39 (0.89–2.18)	.15	1.08 (0.84–1.39)	.56	1.16 (0.81–1.67)	.43
Adult polycystic kidney disease	0.94 (0.65–1.35)	.74	1.02 (0.52–1.99)	.96	1.00 (0.69–1.44)	.99	1.04 (0.64–1.69)	.87
Pyelonephritis	0.71 (0.45–1.13	.15	0.82 (0.35–1.90)	.65	0.74 (0.47–1.19)	.22	1.03 (0.56–1.87)	.93
Other specified kidney disease	1.01 (0.78–1.32)	.96	1.29 (0.80–2.07)	.29	1.00 (0.77–1.32)	.99	0.92 (0.64–1.34)	.67
Unknown kidney disease	1.01 (0.76–1.36)	.93	1.24 (0.73–2.10)	.43	1.04 (0.77–1.40)	.81	1.15 (0.74–1.76)	.54

Clinical outcomes are due to COVID-19. P is considered significant at P ≤ .05.

^aMultivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, primary kidney disease and CCI score.

^bMultivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex and CKD stage/dialysis.

^cMultivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex and CCI score.