Table 3.

Example of Mapping Matrix of Objectives, Theory/Research Basis and Implementation Strategies for a Prioritized Barrier.

Prioritized Barriers	Objectives	Theory/Research Basis	Implementation Strategy
• Cognitive deficits of patients (67%)  • Patient Comorbidities (63%)  • Patient Participation (62%)  • Mental Health and/or Substance Abuse Issues (59%)	Engage persons with TBI to validate, and/or identify, strategies to overcome barriers to accessing pain treatment, to promote uptake of tailored interventions and respond to their identified needs (e.g., cognitive deficits, comorbidities, etc.).	Principles of patient engagement & evidence-based practice to engage persons with TBI to identify their needs and inform tailored interventions.31,57	Continue engagement efforts to validate and inform strategies and implementation efforts:  • Intervene with patients/consumers to enhance uptake & adherence  • Involve patients/consumers and family members  • Obtain and use patients/consumers and family feedback  • Prepare patients/consumers to be active participants
	Tailor pain interventions, treatment and delivery to be appropriate for persons with TBI, and their identified needs (e.g., cognitive deficits, comorbidities, etc.).	Principle of Patient Centered Care to adapt interventions, treatment and delivery to meet the individualized needs of the patient.58,55	Tailor strategies: Employ evidence-based best practices and guidelines to inform tailored pain interventions, treatment and delivery to be appropriate for persons with TBI and their identified needs (e.g., cognitive deficits, comorbidities, etc.).
	Adapt evidence-based policies, guidelines, and best practices to facilitate access for persons with TBI, and their identified needs (e.g., cognitive deficits, comorbidities, etc.), and disseminate to target audiences.	Principle of Health Policy development to leverage evidence-based policies and guidelines to facilitate best practices in care.52–55,59	Mandate change: Work with leadership to declare the priority of appropriate tailored pain treatment and delivery to be for persons with TBI and their identified needs (e.g., cognitive deficits, comorbidities, etc.).
	Increase awareness, skills and readiness of workforce to deliver pain treatment to persons with TBI and their identified needs (e.g., cognitive deficits, comorbidities, etc.).	Evidence-Based Practice to increase workforce readiness through professional training and education.31,55	Develop workforce readiness to deliver pain treatment to persons with TBI and their identified needs (e.g., cognitive deficits, comorbidities, etc.):  • Conduct educational meetings  • Conduct educational outreach visits  • Conduct ongoing training  • Create a learning collaborative  • Develop educational materials  • Distribute educational materials