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. 2023 Sep 8;12(2):e2257810. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2257810

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© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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Figure 2. — Phylogenetic relationships of concatenated consensus whole-HPAIV H5N1 sequences from The Netherlands and Germany in 2022–2023. The complete genome sequence of H5N1 strains derived from infected seals in Germany and The Netherlands were compared to sympatric avian strains belonging to the clade 2.3.4.4b of H5. Sequences were obtained from the EpiFluTM GISAID database. Isolate identifier contains the following information: Accession number, virus designation, subtype and collection date. Maximum likelihood (ML) trees were calculated with RAxML (v8.2.11) utilising model GTR GAMMA with rapid bootstrapping. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. Bootstrap values below 70 are not displayed.