TABLE 1.
Patient characteristics according to the previous presence of a temporary stoma
| Patient characteristics | No stoma, n (%) | Ileostomy, n (%) | Colostomy, n (%) | p a | p b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 318 (100) | 208 (100) | 130 (100) | ||
| Timing of stoma creation At primary surgery Prior to primary surgery After primary surgery |
197 (94.7) 2 (1.0) 9 (4.3) |
95 (73.1) 28 (21.5) 7 (5.4) |
– | <0.001** | |
| Male patients | 177 (55.7) | 148 (71.2) | 82 (63.1) | 0.002** | 0.121 |
| Age at surgery,c y | 65.0 (60.0–70.0) | 64.0 (56.0–68.0) | 63.0 (57.0–69.0) | 0.013* | 0.996 |
| Follow-up,c,d mo | 60.0 (40.0–82.0) | 57.0 (36.5–78.0) | 48.0 (38.0–75.0) | 0.056 | 0.542 |
| ASA score at surgery I II III IV |
95 (31.1) 169 (55.4) 39 (12.8) 2 (0.7) |
69 (33.3) 123 (59.4) 15 (7.2) 0 (0.0) |
37 (28.9) 75 (58.6) 15 (11.7) 1 (0.8) |
0.423 | 0.274 |
| Tumor stage (UICC) I II III IV |
111 (35.0) 96 (30.3) 100 (31.5) 10 (3.2) |
81 (38.9) 71 (34.1) 53 (25.5) 3 (1.4) |
48 (36.9) 40 (30.8) 36 (27.7) 6 (4.6) |
0.452 | 0.316 |
| Distant metastasise No Liver Lung Multiple locations |
293 (92.1) 15 (4.7) 5 (1.6) 5 (1.6) |
189 (90.9) 11 (5.3) 5 (2.4) 3 (1.4) |
112 (86.2) 11 (8.5) 6 (4.6) 1 (0.8) |
0.352 | 0.400 |
| Neoadjuvant radiotherapy | 68 (21.9) | 164 (79.6) | 85 (67.5) | <0.001** | 0.013* |
| Total dose of radiotherapy Short course (25 Gy) Long course (45–50.4 Gy) |
57 (83.8) 11 (16.2) |
99 (60.4) 65 (39.6) |
37 (43.5) 48 (56.5) |
<0.001** | 0.011* |
| Time since last radiotherapy,c y | 6.0 (5.0-8.0) | 6.0 (4.0-7.0) | 6.0 (4.0-8.0) | 0.075 | 0.775 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 79 (25.4) | 25 (12.1) | 18 (14.0) | <0.001** | 0.617 |
| Emergency setting | 14 (4.6) | 1 (0.5) | 8 (6.2) | 0.010* | 0.002** |
| Surgical approach Open Laparoscopic Conversion |
87 (27.4) 209 (65.7) 22 (6.9) |
64 (30.9) 119 (57.5) 24 (11.6) |
80 (61.5) 43 (33.1) 7 (5.4) |
<0.001** | <0.001** |
| Anastomotic height,c cm | 10.0 (8.0–15.0) | 6.0 (5.0–9.0) | 5.0 (4.0–9.0) | <0.001** | 0.069 |
| Method of primary anastomosis Hand-sewn Stapled |
26 (8.3) 288 (91.7) |
3 (1.5) 199 (98.5) |
3 (2.3) 126 (97.7) |
0.001** | 0.567 |
| Reconstruction of primary anastomosis Side-to-end Side-to-side End-to-end |
208 (74.6) 11 (3.9) 60 (21.5) |
130 (78.8) 3 (1.8) 32 (19.4) |
98 (85.2) 5 (4.3) 12 (10.4) |
0.078 | 0.070 |
| Anastomotic leakage | 5 (1.6)f | 19 (9.1)g | 15 (11.5)h | <0.001** | 0.475 |
IQR = interquartile range; UICC = Union for International Cancer Control.
Comparison between the 3 subgroups (no stoma versus ileostomy versus colostomy).
Comparison between the following subgroups: ileostomy versus colostomy.
Values are expressed as median (IQR).
Time between primary surgery or stoma reversal (no stoma subgroup) and completing the questionnaires.
At the time of completing the questionnaires.
Patients with anastomotic leakage treated conservatively.
Patients with anastomotic leakage treated with a temporary stoma (n = 9) or patients who received a temporary stoma at primary surgery, but with clear abscess formation around the primary anastomosis postoperatively (n = 10).
Patients with anastomotic leakage treated with a temporary stoma (n = 7) or patients who received a temporary stoma before or at primary surgery, but with clear abscess formation around the primary anastomosis postoperatively (n = 8).
Statistical significance of p < 0.05.
Statistical significance of p < 0.005.