Figure 2: MNV-1 infection upregulates glycolysis and glutaminolysis in macrophages.

RAW 264.7 cells were mock-infected or infected with MNV-1 for 1 hour at an MOI of 5. The virus inoculum was removed and replaced with medium containing (A) ¹³C₅-glucose or (B-E) ¹³C₅-glutamine for 8 hours. After 8 hrs, intracellular metabolites were extracted with ice-cold methanol. (D) RAW 264.7 cells were infected as before, and MNV-1 titers measured via plaque assay. Experiments represent combined data from at least two independent experiments with at least two technical replicates. Statistical analysis was performed by multiple unpaired t-tests. ****, P<0.0001; ***, P<0.001; **, P <0.01; *, P<0.05; ns, not significant.