Table 1.

Short-term randomized HETA studies vs. LETA

Study	HETA	Comparator	Duration	Reduction					NEDA
				ARR	3mCDW	Gd+	T2	BV	T2
Transforms [55]	Fingolimod	IM Interferon beta-1a	12 months	52%	ns	59%	30%	27%	63.4% v.44.3%
CARE MS I [56]	Alemtuzumab	SC Interferon beta-1a	24 months	54.9%	ns (27.3%)a	51.5%	27%	42%	38.6% v.26.7
CARE MS-II [57]	Alemtuzumab	SC Interferon beta-1a	24 months	49.4%	42%a	71%	57.5%	23%	32.2% v.13.6
Opera I [29]	Ocrelizumab	IM Interferon beta-1a	24 months	46%	43%	94%	77%	23.5%	48 v.29%
Opera II [29]	Ocrelizumab	IM Interferon beta-1a	24 months	47%	37%	95%	83%	23.8%	48 v.25%
Radiance [60]	Ozanimod	IM Interferon beta-1a	24 months	38%	ns	53%	42%	27%	24.2% v. 17%
Sunbeam [59]	Ozanimod	IM Interferon beta-1a	12 months	48%	ns	63%	48%	31%	NA
Optimum [61]	Ponesimod	Teriflunomide	24 months	30.5%	ns (17%)	56%b		34%	25 v.16.5%
Asclepios I [30]	Ofatumumab	Teriflunomide	24 months	50.5%	34.4c	97.5%	82%	ns (7%)	44.6 v. 17.7%
Asclepios II [30]	Ofatumumab	Teriflunomide	24 months	58.5%		93.8%	84.5%	ns (7%)
Ultimate I [50]	Ublituximab	Teriflunomide	24 months	59.4%	ns	96.7%	92.4%	NA	44.6 v. 15.0%
Ultimate II [50]	Ublituximab	Teriflunomide	24 months	49.1%	ns	96.5%	90%	NA	43.0 v. 11.4%

ARR annual relapse rate, ns non significant, 3mCDW 3-month confirmed disability worsening, BV brain volume, ns not significant

^a6mCDW

^bCUALS (combined unique active lesions—Gd+ and new and enlarging T2 lesions)

^cPooled data from both studies as per predefined conditions