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. 2023 Sep 7;271(1):241–253. doi: 10.1007/s00415-023-11971-0

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Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Case–control study of multiple sclerosis risk in CPRD Aurum recapitulates the roles of established exposures. Each point represents the odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval calculated from multivariable logistic regression models for each exposure, adjusted for age and gender. The y-axis indicates each exposure. The x-axis is on the log10 scale. Points are coloured according to which model they were derived from. The primary analysis models adjusted for index age and gender. Secondary sensitivity analyses adjusted for age at registration (age_at_reg), ethnicity, and deprivation status (IMD; Indices of Multiple Deprivation)