Table 2.

Common significantly altered metabolites

Metabolite [mmol/L]	Con		AD		FC	p-value	FDR
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Discovery study
Valine	0.118	0.019	0.092	0.011	− 0.2	0.007	0.07
Histidine	0.037	0.002	0.032	0.002	− 0.1	0.009	0.07
Pyruvic acid	0.032	0.007	0.026	0.004	− 0.2	0.03	0.19
Validation study
Tyrosine	0.071	0.016	0.051	0.011	− 0.3	0.006	0.09
Valine	0.275	0.052	0.214	0.040	− 0.2	0.01	0.09
Pyruvic acid	0.118	0.031	0.079	0.027	− 0.3	0.02	0.09
Leucine	0.111	0.035	0.078	0.017	− 0.3	0.02	0.09

Two metabolites were dysregulated in serum samples between cognitively affected and healthy individuals in both the discovery and validation studies, sorted according to p-value. Abbreviations; AD – Alzheimer’s Disease, Con – Healthy controls, FC – Fold change, SD – Standard deviation