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. 2023 May 19;26(6):1865–1891. doi: 10.1007/s10071-023-01780-3

Fig. 10.

Fig. 10

Future of the diverse intelligence field. A Because of the deep ability of living cells to form collectives with adaptive functions under novel circumstances, many diverse combinations of evolved material (cells, tissues), designed material (engineered smart materials or implants), and software (AI systems) are viable. The future is likely to include a massive number of highly diverse agents with various degrees of behavioral competency (A’: hybrots, cyborgs, biorobots, etc.) which will be the subject of an expanded field of animal behavior research that is not limited to the set of natural animals here on Earth. B Mindmap of the emerging field at the intersection of the sciences of animal behavior and morphogenetic control, showing the many disciplines whose ideas feed into this new consilience, and the deep concepts and practical impacts that progress in this field will have. Images in panels A and A’ are by Jeremy Guay of Peregrine Creative