TABLE 1.

Risk-of-bias analysis of studies included in the systematic review examining the effects of exercise interventions on the gut microbiome in humans.

Study	Selection of participants free from bias	Study with >80% follow up a	Standard/valid/reliable data collection procedures	QCC b , c rating
Calabrese et al. (2022)	Yes	No	Yes	∅
Cheng et al. (2022)	Yes	No	Yes	∅
Cronin et al. (2018)	Yes	Yes	Yes	+
Cronin et al. (2019)	Yes	No	Yes	∅
Dupuit et al. (2022)	Yes	No	Yes	∅
Kern et al. (2020)	Yes	No	Yes	∅
Liu et al. (2020)	Yes	Yes	Yes	∅
Mahdieh et al. (2021)	Yes	Yes	Yes	+
Moitinho-Silva et al. (2021)	Yes	Yes	Yes	∅
Mokhtarzade et al. (2021)	Yes	Yes	Yes	+
Morita et al. (2019)	No	Yes	Yes	∅
Motiani et al. (2020)	Yes	No	Yes	+
Resende et al. (2021)	Yes	Yes	Yes	+
Sun et al. (2022)	Yes	No	Yes	∅
Taniguchi et al. (2018)	Yes	Yes	Yes	+
Torquati et al. (2022)	Yes d	No	Yes	∅
Warbeck et al. (2021)	Yes	No	Yes	∅
Wei et al. (2022)	Yes	No	Yes	∅
Zhong et al. (2020)	Yes	Yes	Yes	+

^a Follow-up here takes into account participant attrition or participants included in analysis.

^b QCC, quality criteria checklist.

^c QCC, rating: +, report has clearly addressed issues of inclusion/exclusion, bias, generalizability, and data collection and analysis; ∅, report is neither exceptionally strong nor exceptionally weak.

^d Original study.