Table 1.

Synthesis of results from search on new scientific data that possibly may argue for changes in existing DRVs or FBDGs relevant for fluoride.

No	Exposure	Outcome	Title	Comments and considerations	Reference
1	Fluoride	Iodine deficiency	Fluoride Exposure Induces Inhibition of Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS)Contributing to Impaired Iodine Absorption and Iodine Deficiency: MolecularMechanisms of Inhibition and Implications for Public Health	-Suggests that high F exposure may affect iodine uptake and bioavailability -Review, but no systematic approach or meta-analysis	(16)
2	Fluoride	Degenerative eye disease	The Contribution of Fluoride to the Pathogenesis of Eye Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Public Health	-Suggests that high F exposure leads to degenerative eye disease -Review, but no systematic approach or meta-analysis	(17)
3	Fluoride	Alzheimers disease	Potential Role of Fluoride in the Etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease	-Review, but no systematic approach or meta-analysis	(18)
4	Fluoride	Dental caries and fluorosis	Understanding Optimum Fluoride Intake from Population-Level Evidence	-Good discussion about DRVs for F -Review, but no systematic approach or meta-analysis	(19)
5	Fluoride	Dental caries and fluorosis	Current Guidance for Fluoride Intake: Is It Appropriate?	-Good discussion about DRVs for F -Review, but no systematic approach or meta-analysis	(20)
6	Fluoride	Dental caries and fluorosis	Review of Fluoride Intake and Appropriateness of Current Guidelines	-Good discussion about DRVs for F -Review, but no systematic approach or meta-analysis	(6)
7	Water fluoride	Intelligence (IQ)	Association between water fluoride and the level of children’s intelligence: adose-response meta-analysis	-26 studies -7258 children -Most studies from before NNR2012, some after- Newer studies mostly from India, China and Iran; it is somewhat unclear if this is generalizable to the Nordic/Baltic setting -Higher F associated with lower IQ- Dose-response present -Robust in sensitivity analyses	(21)
8	Fluoride in milk	Dental caries	Fluoridated milk for preventing dental caries	-Cochrane review of milk as a vector for F intake to prevent caries -Conclusion: low RCT evidence of effect	(1)
9	Fluoride in drinking water	Hip fracture	Exposure to fluoride in drinking water and hip 10 fracture risk: a meta-an11alysis of observational studies	-14 observational studies -Cohorts from US, Europe and Asia -Only one of the 14 included studies was published after NNR2012 -No association between F and fracture -Seems like high quality work- Substantial heterogeneity	(13)
10	Fluoride in drinking water and well water	-Neuro-developmental outcomes -IQ scores -Cognitive function	Developmental fluoride neurotoxicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis	-27 epi studies -Studies mainly from China -Inverse association between F and various neurodevelopmental outcomes -Robust in sensitivity analyses	(14)
11	Fluoride in drinking water, coal burning and/or urinary F	-Neurotoxicity -Intellectual disability -IQ scores	Developmental fluoride neurotoxicity: an updated review.	-Cross-sectional studies (12), prospective studies (5) -Suggests that elevated F intake can result in IQ deficits -Review, but no systematic approach or meta-analysis	(15)
12	Fluoride in drinking water and/or urinary F	-Neurotoxicity -IQ scores -school performance	Toxicity of fluoride: critical evaluation of evidence for human developmental neurotoxicity in epidemiological studies, animal experiments and in vitro analyses.	-21 of 23 studies report association between high F exposure and reduced IQ -Low quality studies -Does not support F as neurotoxicant at the current exposure levels in Europe -Review, but no systematic approach or meta-analysis	(22)
13	Fluoride in drinking water	-IQ -Mental abilities	Fluorosis and cognitive development among children (6–14 years of age) in the endemic areas of the world: a review and critical analysis.	-57 studies -7 found no effect, 50 (China, India, Iran, Mexico) found relation between F and neuronal impact	(23)