Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants
| All study population (n = 36) | HIV+ (n = 18) | HIV– (n = 18) | p value HIV+ vs. HIV–∗ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years [median (IQR)] | 60 (48–67) | 60 (49–67) | 60 (47–66) | 0.7843 |
| Sex [n (%)] | >0.9999 | |||
| Male | 28 (77.8) | 14 (77.8) | 14 (77.8) | |
| Female | 8 (22.2) | 4 (22.2) | 4 (22.2) | |
| Ethnicity [n (%)] | 0.0903 | |||
| Caucasian | 28 (77.8) | 15 (83.3) | 13 (72.2) | |
| Latin-American | 6 (16.7) | 1 (5.6) | 5 (27.8) | |
| African | 2 (5.5) | 2 (11.1) | 0 (0) | |
| Comorbidities [n (%)] | ||||
| Hypertension | 14 (38.9) | 9 (50) | 5 (27.8) | 0.3053 |
| Chronic heart disease | 9 (25) | 4 (22.2) | 5 (27.8) | >0.9999 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 2 (5.5) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (5.6) | >0.9999 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 4 (11.1) | 3 (75) | 1 (25) | 0.6026 |
| Liver disease | 6 (16.7) | 5 (27.8) | 1 (5.6) | 0.1774 |
| Diabetes | 8 (22.2) | 2 (11.1) | 6 (33.3) | 0.2285 |
| Neurologic disease | 5 (13.9) | 4 (22.2) | 1 (5.6) | 0.3377 |
| History of cancer | 7 (19.4) | 5 (27.8) | 2 (11.1) | 0.4018 |
| Symptoms at hospital admission [n (%)] | ||||
| Fever | 32 (88.9) | 15 (83.3) | 17 (94.4) | 0.6026 |
| Fatigue | 15 (41.7) | 7 (38.9) | 8 (44.4) | >0.9999 |
| Arthromyalgia | 5 (13.9) | 3 (16.7) | 2 (11.1) | >0.9999 |
| Cough | 18 (50) | 6 (33.3) | 12 (66.7) | 0.0943 |
| Dyspnea | 25 (69.4) | 11 (61.1) | 14 (77.8) | 0.4705 |
| Diarrhea | 12 (33.3) | 4 (22.2) | 8 (44.4) | 0.2890 |
| Anosmia/dysgeusia | 8 (22.2) | 5 (27.8) | 3 (16.7) | 0.6906 |
| Duration of symptoms before biological samples collection, days [median (IQR)] | 10 (6.75–13) | 9.5 (6.5–12.5) | 10 (6.75–13) | 0.6983 |
| PaO2/FiO2nadir [median (IQR)] | 167 (146–248) | 140 (122–151.5) | 207 (156.3–309.3) | 0.0005 |
| Blood exams upon admission [median (IQR)] | ||||
| Leukocytes, 103/μL | 6.01 (4.38–8.87) | 6.29 (3.59–9.42) | 6.02 (4.81–8.64) | 0.8513 |
| Neutrophils, 103/μL | 4.42 (2.67–7.08) | 4.26 (1.62–7.75) | 4.42 (2.94–7.08) | 0.5732 |
| Lymphocytes, 103/μL | 1.05 (0.61–1.39) | 1.08 (0.71–1.46) | 1.04 (0.59–1.40) | 0.8187 |
| Monocytes, 103/μL | 0.36 (0.26–0.51) | 0.44 (0.22–0.65) | 0.34 (0.29–0.48) | 0.6996 |
| Platelets, 103/μL | 213 (163–253.75) | 196 (108.25–256.75) | 215.5 (170.75–260.5) | 0.3410 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.8 (0.7–1.2) | 0.8 (0.7–1.2) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.5497 |
| AST, U/L | 44 (29.5–70.75) | 34.5 (24.25–55) | 46 (31.5–86.25) | 0.1429 |
| ALT, U/L | 27 (22.5–57.5) | 25 (14.25–38.5) | 40 (23.5–82) | 0.0604 |
| CRP, mg/L | 63.55 (38.7–88.7) | 47.3 (21.48–65.45) | 78 (46.45–128.3) | 0.0067 |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 357 (179–721) | 345.5 (256–775.8) | 363 (178.5–786.5) | 0.9510 |
| LDH, U/L | 289 (218–369) | 277 (195.8–348.3) | 353 (227–423) | 0.1661 |
| Maximum oxygen therapy [n (%)] | 0.1756 | |||
| Low-flow systems | 15 (41.7) | 10 (55.6) | 5 (27.8) | |
| CPAP/NIV/OTI | 21 (58.3) | 8 (44.4) | 13 (72.2) | |
| Outcome [n (%)] | >0.9999 | |||
| Death | 1 (2.8) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0) | |
| Dismissal | 35 (97.2) | 17 (94.4) | 18 (100) | |
IQR, interquartile range; PaO2, arterial partial pressure of oxygen; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; CRP, C reactive protein; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; OTI, orotracheal intubation. ∗Statistical analyses, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher exact test, Chi-square test, as appropriate.