Table 4.
Associations of mood conditions and outcomes by message theme categoriesa.
| Measures, message theme, and mood | Mean (SE) | F test (df) | P value | |||
| Message receptivity |
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Financial | 1.168 (2, 545) | .31 | |||
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Positive | 3.74 (0.05) |
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Negative | 3.64 (0.05) |
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Neutral | 3.69 (0.05) |
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Health | 2.648 (2, 545) | .07 | |||
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Positive | 3.79 (0.05) |
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Negative | 3.64 (0.05) |
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Neutral | 3.72 (0.04) |
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Quality of life | 2.690 (2, 545) | .07 | |||
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Positive | 3.81 (0.05) |
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Negative | 3.66 (0.05) |
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Neutral | 3.75 (0.05) |
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Challenges of quitting | 1.051 (2, 545) | .35 | |||
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Positive | 3.50 (0.05) |
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Negative | 3.42 (0.04) |
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Neutral | 3.42 (0.04) |
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Motivation to quit | 0.781 (2, 547) | .46 | |||
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Positive | 3.62 (0.04) |
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Negative | 3.54 (0.04) |
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Neutral | 3.57 (0.04) |
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| Perceived relevance |
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Financial | 0.361 (2, 545) | .70 | |||
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Positive | 4.51 (0.12) |
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Negative | 4.39 (0.12) |
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Neutral | 4.40 (0.11) |
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Health | 0.507 (2, 545) | .60 | |||
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Positive | 4.58 (0.11) |
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Negative | 4.43 (0.11) |
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Neutral | 4.55 (0.11) |
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Quality of life | 0.396 (2, 545) | .67 | |||
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Positive | 4.52 (0.11) |
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Negative | 4.42 (0.11) |
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Neutral | 4.55 (0.11) |
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Challenges of quitting | 0.265 (2, 545) | .77 | |||
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Positive | 4.09 (0.11) |
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Negative | 4.07 (0.11) |
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Neutral | 3.99 (0.11) |
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Motivation to quit | 0.125 (2, 545) | .88 | |||
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Positive | 4.11 (0.10) |
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Negative | 4.13 (0.10) |
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Neutral | 4.06 (0.10) |
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| Motivation to quit |
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Financialb | 3.506 (2, 545) | .03 | |||
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Positiveb | 5.98 (0.15) |
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Negativeb | 5.43 (0.15) |
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Neutral | 5.59 (0.14) |
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Healthb | 4.409 (2, 545) | .01 | |||
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Positiveb | 6.21 (0.14) |
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Negativeb | 5.61 (0.14) |
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Neutral | 5.83 (0.14) |
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Quality of lifeb | 3.341 (2, 545) | .04 | |||
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Positiveb | 6.05 (0.15) |
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Negativeb | 5.52 (0.14) |
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Neutral | 5.80 (0.14) |
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Challenges of quittingb | 3.390 (2, 545) | .03 | |||
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Positiveb | 5.48 (0.13) |
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Negativeb | 5.01 (0.13) |
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Neutral | 5.12 (0.13) |
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Motivation to quit | 2.629 (2, 545) | .07 | |||
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Positive | 5.59 (0.12) |
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Negative | 5.24 (0.12) |
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Neutral | 5.29 (0.11) |
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aAdults who smoke cigarettes (N=615) were recruited from Prolific and randomized to 1 of 3 mood conditions. One-way ANOVA tests were used to model the association between mood and message receptivity, perceived relevance, and motivation to quit by message theme. Models adjusted for covariates (cigarettes per day, pretest quitting motivation, age, gender, race, ethnicity, relationship status, self-perceived health, and financial stress). Results were stratified by message theme. Pairwise comparisons of mood conditions were performed using the least significant difference when the overall ANOVA test was significant. The mean difference between the positive and negative mood conditions on the motivation to quit outcome was significant at α=.05 for the financial, health, quality of life, and challenges of quitting theme messages. Associations for conditions on message receptivity and perceived relevance were not statistically significant.
bStatistical significance. This study was cross-sectional.