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. 2023 Dec 21;13:1330600. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1330600

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Copyright © 2023 Lewis, Gallichotte, Randall, Glass, Foy, Ebel and Kading

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Numerous factors inherent to the mosquito influence vector competence and viral evolution. For successful horizonal transmission (by bite), ingested viral particles must enter and replicate in the midgut epithelial cells, exit the midgut and pass through the body cavity or hemocoel to invade the salivary glands, and be expelled with the saliva when the vector takes a subsequent blood meal. During this journey, viruses encounter physical, cellular, microbial, and immunological barriers, which are influenced by the genetic background of the mosquito vector. This figure was created using BioRender.com.