Table 1.
Demographics of the Paris and TRIAD CSF cohorts
| Paris cohort (n = 212) | – | CU− (n = 21) |
MCI− (n = 39) |
NonAD− (n = 25) |
– | MCI+ (n = 48) |
NonAD+ (n = 6) |
AD (n = 73) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | – | 64.38 (9.50) | 66.87 (9.87) | 65.96 (8.04) | – | 71.85 (7.74) | 67.33 (7.09) | 71.97 (8.43) | < 0.001 |
| Males (%) | – | 14 (66.7) | 24 (61.5) | 11 (0.44) | – | 31 (64.6) | 3 (50) | 46 (63.0) | ns |
| APOE ε4 carriers (%) | – | 6/21 (28.6) | 5/24 (20.8) | 5/6 (83.3) | – | 27/48 (56.3) | 4/39 (10.3) | 47/72 (65.3) | < 0.001 |
| MMSE score (available cases) | – | 20 | 37 | 25 | – | 47 | 6 | 72 | |
| MMSE score | – | 27.15 (2.52) | 24.22 (3.87) | 24.12 (4.95) | – | 23.62 (4.54) | 18.33 (6.62) | 19.08 (5.63) | < 0.001 |
| Lumipulse CSF (pg/mL) | |||||||||
| Aβ42/40 | – | 0.09 (0.01) | 0.09 (0.01) | 0.09 (0.01) | – | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.005) | 0.042 (0.01) | < 0.001 |
| p-tau181 | – | 32.81 (8.64) | 36.73 (15.15) | 32.74 (10.26) | – | 86.22 (47.55) | 51.93 (16.90) | 115.62 (59.85) | < 0.001 |
| t-tau | – | 243.10 (70.88) | 301.28 (140.85) | 364.24 (355.66) | – | 565.52 (279.29) | 365.17 (133.30) | 736.05 (394.52) | < 0.001 |
| GU CSF biomarkers (pg/mL) | |||||||||
| p-tau202 | – | 1.93 (0.96) | 2.41 (1.45) | 2.09 (1.53) | – | 3.07 (1.64) | 2.34 (2.52) | 3.66 (1.67) | < 0.001 |
| p-tau205 | – | 1.56 (0.30) | 1.94 (1.41) | 1.59 (0.60) | – | 3.83 (1.86) | 2.72 (1.13) | 5.33 (2.69) | < 0.001 |
| TRIAD cohort (n = 262) | Young (n = 27) |
CU− (n = 74) |
MCI− (n = 17) |
NonAD− (n = 28) |
CU+ (n = 33) |
MCI+ (n = 35) |
NonAD+ (n = 5) |
AD (n = 43) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 23.0 (1.9) | 68.8 (9.8) | 68.2 (11.6) | 62.2 (11.4) | 70.4 (7.0) | 71.3 (6.0) | 71.0 (6.2) | 65.2 (8.0) | < 0.001 |
| Males (%) | 11 (40.7) | 30 (40.5) | 9 (52.9) | 11 (39.3) | 13 (39.4) | 15 (42.9) | 2 (40.0) | 21 (48.8) | ns |
| Formal education, years | 16.7 (1.5) | 15.6 (4.3) | 12.6 (5.9) | 12.3 (6.0) | 14.2 (3.4) | 15.5 (4.2) | 5.8 (8.3) | 12.3 (6.2) | < 0.001 |
| APOE ε4 carriers (%) | 6/27 (22.2) | 17/74 (23.0) | 2/15 (13.3) | 3/21 (14.3) | 13/33 (39.4) | 20/32 (62.5) | 2/4 (50.0) | 22/35 (62.9) | < 0.001 |
| MMSE score (available cases) | 27 | 69 | 14 | 15 | 31 | 29 | 2 | 31 | |
| MMSE score | 29.78(0.51) | 29.20(1.02) | 28.14(1.56) | 25.60(5.99) | 29.13(0.88) | 28.10(1.99) | 24.50(2.12) | 20.64(6.13) | < 0.001 |
| Lumipulse CSF (pg/mL) | |||||||||
| Aβ42/40 | 0.09 (0.01) | 0.09 (0.01) | 0.09 (0.01) | 0.09 (0.01) | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.01) | < 0.001 |
| p-tau181 | 22.5 (7.1) | 33.9 (10.8) | 40.2 (12.0) | 31.2 (12.7) | 58.3 (32.4) | 79.5 (38.0) | 64.4 (22.6) | 126.7 (79.5) | < 0.001 |
| t-tau | 195.4 (47.6) | 292.7 (112.7) | 320.4 (89.0) | 307.4 (156.2) | 419.9 (184.9) | 504.8 (208.7) | 620.0 (398.5) | 839.8 (456.2) | < 0.001 |
| Aβ-PET (available cases) | 27 | 67 | 14 | 20 | 32 | 34 | 1 | 32 | |
| SUVR | 1.21 (0.07) | 1.29 (0.12) | 1.37 (0.16) | 1.26 (0.22) | 1.83 (0.48) | 2.33 (0.55) | - | 2.30 (0.51) | < 0.001 |
| Tau-PET (available cases) | 26 | 67 | 14 | 19 | 31 | 33 | 1 | 32 | |
| SUVR | 0.84(0.08) | 0.83 (0.09) | 0.81(0.09) | 0.82(0.11) | 0.95(0.23) | 1.33(0.55) | - | 2.37 (0.89) | < 0.001 |
| VBM (available cases) | 26 | 64 | 14 | 18 | 30 | 30 | 1 | 30 | |
| mm3 | 0.57(0.06) | 0.46(0.05) | 0.44(0.04) | 0.41(0.07) | 0.46(0.05) | 0.43(0.06) | - | 0.39(0.07) | < 0.001 |
| GU CSF biomarkers (pg/mL) | |||||||||
| p-tau202 | 1.05 (0.72) | 1.81 (1.03) | 1.42 (0.65) | 2.10 (1.38) | 2.21 (1.16) | 2.57 (1.24) | 2.83 (0.85) | 3.26 (1.52) | < 0.001 |
| p-tau205 | 1.19 (0.37) | 1.75 (0.48) | 1.90 (0.39) | 1.62 (0.53) | 2.72 (1.37) | 3.85 (1.59) | 3.25 (0.72) | 5.50 (2.87) | < 0.001 |
Data are shown as mean (SD) or n (%), as appropriate. Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare age between groups and Pearson’s chi-square to compare sex and APOE ε4 frequencies between groups. Years of education, MMSE and biomarkers levels were compared with a one-way ANOVA adjusted by age and sex
Abbreviations: Aβ42/40 ratio β-amyloid 42 and 40, AD Alzheimer’s disease, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, CU cognitively unimpaired, GU Gothenburg University Simoa assay, MCI mild cognitive impairment, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, NonAD non-Alzheimer’s disease, ns non-significant, p-tau181 tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, p-tau202 tau phosphorylated at serine 202, p-tau205 tau phosphorylated at threonine 205, PET positron emission tomography, SUVR standardized uptake value ratio, t-tau total tau, VBM voxel-based morphometry.