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. 2024 Jan 6;15:330. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-44683-0

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Blood RNA CTSZ levels in PAH patients divided by CTSZ CpG methylation status n = 276 patients were divided into tertiles of CpG methylation levels for comparison with mRNA levels by Kruskal–Wallis one way ANOVA. b Plasma levels of cathepsin Z in PAH versus controls, Logistic regression models used to test the effect of cathepsin Z on PAH were adjusted for age, sex, first two principal components and coagulation factor X. n = 463 PAH cases and 108 disease-free controls. Boxplots depict median, first and third quartiles (Q1/Q3 = IQR), and whiskers indicate Q1/Q3 +/− 1.5 * IQR. c Immunohistochemistry of CTSZ in PAH lung tissue. CD31 is shown as a marker for endothelium. N = 3 vs 4 control and PAH patient tissue sections. Scale bar represents 50um.