Table 3. Advancements in arthroscopic technology and surgical techniques.

3D, three-dimensional; PCL, posterior cruciate ligament; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging

Advancements	Description
Improved visualization	The modern arthroscopic technique includes high-definition 3D imaging, which is beneficial for better visualizing the avulsed PCL fragment, its orientation, and the surrounding structures. Enhanced visualization helps to accurately plan and execute the repair [52].
Minimally invasive approaches	Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure, and progress has made it even less invasive. Smaller incisions and upgraded instruments reduce tissue damage, leading to faster recovery and fewer postoperative complications [22].
Advanced suturing techniques	Advanced arthroscopic suturing techniques and devices enable surgeons to precisely reattach the avulsed PCL to its anatomical attachment point. These techniques are less traumatic to ligament tissue and promote faster recovery [53].
Biocompatible fixation materials	The use of biocompatible materials for fixation has become more common, reducing the risk of complications and the need for additional surgeries to remove hardware [54].
Better rehabilitation protocols	Advancements in surgical techniques have led to more effective postoperative rehabilitation protocols. This protocol ensures that patients regain strength and range of motion in a controlled manner, promoting better long-term outcomes [55].
Patient-specific approaches	Arthroscopic procedures now incorporate patient-specific planning and 3D printing technology, allowing a tailored approach to each patient and improving repair precision [56].
Enhanced knowledge and training	As arthroscopic technology has evolved, so has the training of orthopedic surgeons. Surgeons have better educational resources and simulation tools, leading to improved surgical skills and expertise [57].
Outcome assessment	Advanced imaging techniques, including MRI and ultrasound, allow surgeons to assess the success of the repair with greater accuracy. This ensures that issues can be detected and addressed, leading to better long-term results [58].