Table 2.

Dietary status of COPD cases and controls

Variables	COPD (n = 111)	Control (n = 111)	P-value*
Energy (Kcal)	1758.57 ± 493.32	1899.00 ± 417.85	0.023
Carbohydrate (Gm)	250.65 ± 74.01	268.20 ± 62.93	0.040
Protein (Gm)	69.35 ± 19.40	76.16 ± 17.25	0.006
Fat (Gm)	56.01 ± 15.20	61.90 ± 13.34	0.002
Total dietary fiber (Gm)	11.19 ± 3.59	12.72 ± 2.92	0.001
Thiamin (mg)	1.70 ± 0.52	1.83 ± 0.43	0.046
Riboflavin (mg)	1.80 ± 0.55	1.99 ± 0.51	0.009
Niacin (mg)	18.08 ± 5.62	20.12 ± 5.02	0.005
Vitamin B6 (mg)	1.07 ± 0.33	1.22 ± 0.32	< 0.001
Folate (Ug)	250.00 ± 75.33	275.48 ± 75.11	0.012
Vitamin D (Ug)	1.20 ± 0.85	1.13 ± 0.86
Vitamin E (mg)	3.15 ± 1.18	3.44 ± 1.07	0.036
Vitamin A (Ug)	1388.44 ± 769.66	1596.05 ± 763.34	0 0.045
Vitamin C (mg)	67.92 ± 25.97	83.43 ± 27.28	< 0.001
Vitamin B12 (Ug)	7.24 ± 4.70	9.62 ± 5.84	0.001
Zn (mg)	8.15 ± 2.31	8.89 ± 1.96	0 0.010
Ca (mg)	763.89 ± 267.72	788.21 ± 221.21
Fe (mg)	13.19 ± 4.05	14.33 ± 3.43	0.024

Values are indicated as mean ± standard deviation

Independent sample T-test was applied for groups comparison

*The p < 0.05 was considered as significant