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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Trauma Dissociation. 2023 Jun 30;24(5):692–711. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2023.2231010

Table 2.

Exposure to Various Trauma Types

Variable % (n or SD)

Overall (n=171–177) Female (n = 152–158) Male (n = 17–18)
Natural disaster 37.9% (n = 67) 37.3% (n = 59) 38.9% (n = 7)
Experienced serious accident or injury 57.6% (n = 102) 56.3% (n = 89) 72.2% (n = 13)
Witnessed serious accident or injury 56.5% (n = 100) 55.1% (n = 87) 66.7% (n = 12)
Experienced a sudden life-threatening illness 29.4% (n = 52) 27.2% (n = 43) 44.4% (n = 8)
Military combat or service in a war zone 0.0 (n = 0) 0.0% (n = 0) 0.0% (n = 0)
Confronted with murder of family member 45.2% (n = 80) 42.4% (n = 67) 66.7% (n = 12)
Witness murder of family member or friend 11.3% (n = 20) 9.5% (n = 15) 27.8% (n = 5)
Attacked with a weapon by an intimate partner 22.0% (n = 39) 21.5% (n = 34) 27.8% (n = 5)
Attacked with a weapon by a non-intimate partner 27.1% (n = 48) 24.7% (n = 39) 50.0% (n = 9)
Witnessed a family member or friend being attacked with a weapon 35.0% (n = 62) 32.9% (n = 52) 55.6% (n = 10)
Witnessed someone other than a family member or friend being attacked with a weapon 32.2% (n = 57) 27.8% (n = 44) 66.7% (n = 12)
Attacked without a weapon by an intimate partner 39.0% (n = 69) 37.3% (n = 59) 55.6% (n = 10)
Attacked without a weapon by a non-intimate partner 42.9% (n = 76) 37.3% (n = 59) 83.3% (n = 15)
Witnessed a family member or friend being attacked without a weapon 50.8% (n = 90) 48.1% (n = 76) 72.2% (n = 13)
Witnessed someone other than a family member or friend being attacked without a weapon 41.8% (n = 74) 38.0% (n = 60) 77.8% (n = 14)
Witnessed caregiver violence (0–18 years) 43.5% (n = 77) 42.4% (n = 67) 50.0% (n = 9)
Child physical abuse 44.6% (n = 79) 41.8% (n = 66) 66.7% (n = 12)
Child sexual abuse (0–13 years) 39.5% (n = 70) 41.1% (n = 65) 27.8% (n = 5)
Teenage sexual abuse (14–17 years) 35.0% (n = 60) 37.3% (n = 59) 5.6% (n = 1)
Adulthood sexual assault (≥18 years) 36.7% (n = 65) 40.5% (n = 64) 5.6% (n = 1)
Other trauma 45.8% (n = 81) 46.8% (n = 74) 39.9% (n = 7)