TABLE 1.
Patient characteristics for hypertension sample (n = 34,233), by race and ethnicity group.
| Characteristic (%) | AIAN (n = 288) | Asian (n = 222) | Black (n = 4265) | Hispanic (n = 1484) | Multi‐Race (n = 275) | NHOPI (n = 287) | White (n = 26,099) | p‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | <0.001 | |||||||
| 18–44 | 14.6 | 18.6 | 8.9 | 12.6 | 3.3 | 6.9 | 4.4 | |
| 45–64 | 45.4 | 46.4 | 59.2 | 44.4 | 54.7 | 63.3 | 35.4 | |
| 65+ | 40.0 | 32.0 | 31.8 | 43.1 | 42.0 | 29.8 | 60.2 | |
| Female | 15.5 | 21.1 | 29.3 | 11.5 | 23.3 | 19.0 | 12.7 | <0.001 |
| Urban (vs. Rural) | 53.1 | 90.3 | 82.7 | 83.1 | 67.1 | 74.2 | 56.0 | <0.001 |
| SES | <0.001 | |||||||
| High | 8.4 | 5.3 | 7.6 | 8.0 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 14.1 | |
| Low | 19.7 | 7.0 | 19.3 | 19.5 | 18.4 | 17.8 | 19.7 | |
| Indeterminate | 71.9 | 87.8 | 73.1 | 72.6 | 72.5 | 73.0 | 66.2 | |
| Education | <0.001 | |||||||
| 8th grade or less | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 1.3 | |
| Some HS | 2.9 | 0.1 | 3.9 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 4.0 | |
| HS grad/GED | 25.2 | 12.3 | 25.8 | 4.4 | 23.6 | 24.5 | 30.5 | |
| Some college | 46.6 | 47.4 | 46.3 | 46.9 | 47.6 | 46.3 | 43.7 | |
| College grad | 11.6 | 17.4 | 11.4 | 11.3 | 10.6 | 14.4 | 10.4 | |
| Post‐grad deg | 13.1 | 22.8 | 12.2 | 11.6 | 16.4 | 13.3 | 10.1 | |
| Self‐rated physical health | <0.001 | |||||||
| Excellent | 3.5 | 6.1 | 4.3 | 7.1 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 3.4 | |
| Very Good | 13.0 | 8.5 | 14.5 | 13.2 | 16.2 | 7.6 | 15.3 | |
| Good | 34.0 | 32.7 | 35.6 | 35.1 | 42.5 | 31.5 | 38.5 | |
| Fair | 36.2 | 36.7 | 37.1 | 33.0 | 32.6 | 38.1 | 32.5 | |
| Poor | 13.4 | 16.0 | 8.5 | 11.7 | 6.8 | 20.3 | 10.3 | |
| Self‐rated mental health | <0.001 | |||||||
| Excellent | 10.7 | 15.9 | 11.5 | 11.6 | 13.3 | 15.2 | 16.0 | |
| Very Good | 15.9 | 13.2 | 17.7 | 17.7 | 16.1 | 16.8 | 23.6 | |
| Good | 27.3 | 27.5 | 26.2 | 27.2 | 30.4 | 22.8 | 29.6 | |
| Fair | 40.6 | 29.3 | 31.1 | 31.2 | 29.9 | 29.2 | 23.7 | |
| Poor | 5.6 | 14.1 | 14.6 | 12.3 | 10.3 | 16.1 | 7.3 | |
| Gagne score, mean (SE) | 0.66 (0.16) | 0.40 (0.12) | 0.69 (0.042) | 0.47 (0.072) | 0.82 (0.22) | 0.62 (0.14) | 0.83 (0.018) | <0.001 |
| HTN control | 79.2 | 81.3 | 75.9 | 80.2 | 76.7 | 78.0 | 78.7 | |
| Access score, mean (SE) a | 53.49 (4.36) | 46.18 (5.06) | 49.70 (1.03) | 53.31 (1.97) | 44.97 (4.12) | 43.06 (4.12) | 54.29 (0.42) | <0.001 |
Note: Unknown race or ethnicity for 1313 individuals.
Abbreviations: AIAN, American Indian or Alaska Native; GED, general educational development; HS, high school; HTN, hypertension; NHOPI, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; SES, socioeconomic status.
a
Access score range 0–100, with higher scores indicating greater perceived access.