TABLE 2.
Patient characteristics for diabetes sample (n = 23,039), by race and ethnicity group.
| Characteristic (%) | AIAN (n = 206) | Asian (n = 176) | Black (n = 2902) | Hispanic (n = 1223) | Multi‐Race (n = 189) | NHOPI (n = 239) | White (n = 17,269) | p‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | <0.001 | |||||||
| 18–44 | 21.0 | 23.7 | 7.3 | 11.2 | 1.5 | 9.0 | 3.8 | |
| 45–64 | 41.4 | 43.8 | 57.7 | 46.0 | 50.9 | 57.3 | 37.9 | |
| 65+ | 37.7 | 32.6 | 35.0 | 42.9 | 47.6 | 33.7 | 58.4 | |
| Female | 20.7 | 8.4 | 19.3 | 15.2 | 15.8 | 16.3 | 8.1 | <0.001 |
| Urban (vs. Rural) | 57.9 | 88.2 | 82.9 | 84.6 | 70.5 | 79.1 | 56.0 | <0.001 |
| SES | <0.001 | |||||||
| High | 6.5 | 6.0 | 8.3 | 6.6 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 11.8 | |
| Low | 10.4 | 7.7 | 18.8 | 17.3 | 15.3 | 15.1 | 17.8 | |
| Indeterminate | 83.1 | 86.3 | 72.8 | 76.1 | 74.2 | 74.4 | 70.4 | |
| Education | <0.001 | |||||||
| 8th grade or less | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.0 | |
| Some HS | 1.8 | 0.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 3.6 | |
| HS grad/GED | 27.5 | 13.9 | 27.9 | 26.9 | 29.6 | 20.3 | 31.1 | |
| Some college | 44.6 | 45.7 | 47.3 | 47.9 | 46.7 | 48.7 | 44.7 | |
| College grad | 7.9 | 24.7 | 11.7 | 9.7 | 12.0 | 12.7 | 9.8 | |
| Post‐grad deg | 17.5 | 15.3 | 9.6 | 11.2 | 10.6 | 17.0 | 9.8 | |
| Self‐rated physical health | <0.001 | |||||||
| Excellent | 4.0 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 2.5 | |
| Very Good | 7.7 | 8.0 | 12.3 | 9.6 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 12.7 | |
| Good | 29.2 | 33.3 | 33.6 | 36.0 | 40.8 | 29.3 | 37.8 | |
| Fair | 39.9 | 40.6 | 39.2 | 35.8 | 38.3 | 34.9 | 35.7 | |
| Poor | 19.3 | 13.1 | 9.9 | 13.5 | 7.8 | 22.2 | 11.3 | |
| Self‐rated mental health | <0.001 | |||||||
| Excellent | 11.1 | 15.6 | 13.1 | 13.7 | 12.0 | 16.6 | 16.0 | |
| Very Good | 15.7 | 13.3 | 19.2 | 16.8 | 17.8 | 18.3 | 23.4 | |
| Good | 22.1 | 25.6 | 25.2 | 24.9 | 27.1 | 23.1 | 30.2 | |
| Fair | 38.8 | 26.2 | 31.1 | 31.9 | 30.7 | 26.2 | 23.8 | |
| Poor | 12.3 | 19.2 | 11.5 | 12.7 | 12.5 | 15.8 | 6.5 | |
| Gagne score, mean (SD) | 0.86 (0.17) | 0.96 (0.20) | 1.06 (0.057) | 0.93 (0.075) | 1.23 (0.31) | 0.78 (0.19) | 1.12 (0.021) | 0.016 |
| DM control, % | 81.0 | 86.4 | 80.8 | 78.6 | 87.7 | 81.2 | 86.2 | <0.001 |
| Access score %, mean (SE) a | 48.23 (6.88) | 47.40 (6.77) | 49.02 (1.26) | 51.20 (2.43) | 39.20 (4.62) | 43.07 (4.57) | 53.69 (0.51) | <0.001 |
Note: Unknown race or ethnicity for 835 individuals.
Abbreviations: AIAN, American Indian or Alaska Native; GED, general educational development; HS, high school; NHOPI, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; SES, socioeconomic status.
a
Access score range 0–100, with higher scores indicating greater perceived access.