Table 1. Summary of studies included in the meta-analysis.
| Study | Year | Country | Arms | N | Follow-up | Outcomes of interest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRAVES [6] | 2023 | Italy | RYGB | 96 | 1 year | Bwt, BMI, HbA1c, fasting glucose, Lipid profiles, Complications |
| SG | 96 | |||||
| MT | 96 | |||||
| GATEWAY [7] | 2020 | Brazil | RYGB | 44 | 1 year | Bwt, BMI, DM, Lipid profiles, BP, Complications |
| MT | 40 | 3 years | ||||
| BASE [8] | 2020 | Brazil | RYGB | 18 | 90 days | Complications |
| SG | 18 | |||||
| Horwitz et al. [9] | 2020 | United States | RYGB | 8 | 5 years | Bwt, BMI, DM, Lipid profiles, BP, Complications |
| SG | 18 | |||||
| GB | 3 | |||||
| MT | 14 | |||||
| TRIABETES [10,11] | 2020 | United States | RYGB | 20 | 1 year | Bwt, BMI, DM, Lipid profiles, BP, Complications |
| GB | 21 | 5 years | ||||
| MT | 20 | |||||
| MOMS [12] | 2020 | Brazil | RYGB | 51 | 2 years | Bwt, BMI, DM, Lipid profiles, BP, Complications |
| MT | 49 | 5 years | ||||
| Simonson et al. [13] | 2019 | United States | GB | 18 | 1 year | Bwt, BMI, DM, Lipid profiles, BP, Complications |
| MT | 22 | 3 years | ||||
| Sherf-Dagan [14] | 2019 | Israel | SG | 60 | 1 year | Bwt, BMI, DM, Lipid profiles, BP, Complications |
| 3 years | ||||||
| Oseberg [15] | 2019 | Norway | RYGB | 54 | 1 year | Bwt, BMI, DM, Lipid profiles, BP, Complications |
| SG | 44 | |||||
| SLIMM-T2D [16] | 2018 | United States | RYGB | 19 | 1 year | Bwt, BMI, DM, Lipid profiles, BP, Complications |
| MT | 19 | 3 years | ||||
| SM-BOSS [17,18] | 2018 | Switzerland | RYGB | 110 | 5 years | Bwt, BMI, DM, Lipid profiles, BP, Complications |
| SG | 107 | |||||
| Nguyen et al. [19] | 2018 | United States | RYGB | 111 | 10 years | Bwt, BMI, Remission of DM, Complications |
| GB | 86 | |||||
| SLEEVEPASS [18,20] | 2018 | Finland | RYGB | 101 | 1 year | BMI, DM, Lipid profiles, Blood pressure, Complications |
| SG | 106 | 5 years | ||||
| The Diabetes Surgery Study [21] | 2018 | United States | RYGB | 60 | 1 year | Bwt, BMI, DM, Lipid profiles, BP, Complications |
| MT | 60 | 5 years | ||||
| STAMPEDE [22,23] | 2017 | United States | RYGB | 49 | 1 year | Bwt, BMI, DM, Lipid profiles, BP, Complications |
| SG | 47 | 5 years | ||||
| MT | 38 | |||||
| Ignat et al. [24] | 2017 | France | RYGB | 45 | 5 years | Complications |
| SG | 55 | |||||
| Wentworth et al. [25,26] | 2017 | Austria | GB | 23 | 2 years | Bwt, BMI, DM profiles, Lipid profiles, BP |
| MT | 25 | 5 years | ||||
| CROSSROADS [27] | 2016 | United States | RYGB | 15 | 1 year | Bwt, BMI, DM, Lipid profiles, BP, Complications |
| MT | 17 | |||||
| Mingrone et al. [28] | 2015 | Italy | RYGB | 20 | 5 years | Bwt, BMI, DM, Lipid profiles, BP, Complications |
| MT | 20 | |||||
| Keidar et al. [29] | 2013 | Israel | RYGB | 22 | 1 year | Bwt, BMI, HbA1c |
| SG | 19 |
N = number of patients enrolled, RYGB = Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, SG = sleeve gastrectomy, GB = gastric banding, MT = medical treatment, Bwt = body weight change, BMI = body mass index, DM = diabetes mellitus, DM profiles = diabetes mellitus remission rates, HbA1c = fasting glucose level, Lipid profiles = total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides.