Fig. 4.

The timeline of the development of PCSK9-iTs. The timeline of the discovery of PCSK9 and the development of its inhibitors. From the initial discovery in 2003, the function of PCSK9 and its inhibitors have been investigated in numerous preclinical and clinical studies over the past two decades, leading to the approval of three specific inhibitors of PCSK9, including three mAbs (Evolocumab and Alirocumab, EMA and US FDA in 2015; Tafolecimab, China’s NMPA in 2023) and one RNA interference (RNAi) (Inclisiran, EMA in 2020, and US FDA in 2021) to treat refractory hyperlipidemia in the clinic. NHP nonhuman primate. Panels were illustrated by Microsoft PowerPoint