Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients according to prostate volume groups; <40 mL (n = 67), 40–80 mL (n = 200), and ≥80 mL (n = 131)
| Variable | Group 1 ePV <40 mL (n = 67) | Group 2 ePV 40–80 mL (n = 200) | Group 3 ePV ≥80 mL (n = 131) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 72 (66–78) | 71 (65–77) | 73 (66–78) | 0.637 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8 (21.8–25.7) | 24.1 (22.6–26.1) | 24.6 (22.6–26.5) | 0.174 |
| HTN | 35 (52.2%) | 100 (50.0%) | 67 (51.1%) | 0.945 |
| DM | 15 (22.4%) | 43 (21.5%) | 33 (25.2%) | 0.733 |
| Neurologic disease | 12 (17.9%) | 29 (14.5%) | 26 (19.8%) | 0.431 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 16 (23.9%) | 34 (17.0%) | 19 (14.5%) | 0.253 |
| CKD | 4 (6.0%) | 5 (2.5%) | 9 (6.9%) | 0.143 |
| History of AUR | 11 (16.4%) | 54 (27.0%) | 54 (41.2%) | 0.001 |
| Prior AP/AC therapy | 21 (31.3%) | 52 (26.0%) | 43 (32.8%) | 0.373 |
| PSA (ng/mL) | 1.28 (0.63–2.50) | 2.62 (1.57–6.14) ∗ | 7.68 (4.62–12.11) ∗† | <0.001 |
| BPH-related drugs | 58 (86.6%) | 189 (94.5%) | 110 (84.0%) | 0.006 |
| Alpha-blockers | 37 (55.2%) | 87 (43.5%) | 62 (47.3%) | 0.008 |
| 5-ARIs | 1 (1.5%) | 8 (4.0%) | 4 (3.1%) | |
| Combination | 20 (29.9%) | 94 (47.0%) | 44 (33.6%) | |
| ePV (mL) | 34.0 (28.0–37.8) | 57.0 (48.9–68.0) ∗ | 102.7 (91.1–128.0) ∗† | <0.001 |
| IPSS total score | 23.0 (19.0–28.0) | 19.0 (13.0–26.0) ∗ | 17.0 (12.0–25.0) ∗ | 0.010 |
| IPSS voiding subscore | 14.0 (11.5–19.0) | 12.0 (7.0–16.0) ∗ | 11.0 (6.5–15.0) ∗ | 0.001 |
| IPSS storage subscore | 8.0 (5.5–12.0) | 8.0 (5.0–11.0) | 8.0 (4.5–11.0) | 0.553 |
| IPSS QoL score | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) | 4.0 (3.3–5.0) ∗ | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) ∗ | 0.001 |
| Qmax (mL/s) | 9.0 (6.5–12.0) | 9.0 (6.0–12.0) | 9.0 (6.0–11.0) | 0.712 |
| PVR (mL) | 45.0 (13.8–95.0) | 64.0 (30.0–115.0) | 112.0 (58.0–166.5) ∗† | <0.001 |
ePV, estimated prostate volume; BMI, body mass index; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; CKD, chronic kidney disorder; AUR, acute urinary retention; AP/AC, antiplatelet/anticoagulant; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; BPH, benign prostate hyperplasia; 5-ARI, 5-alpha reductase inhibitor; IPSS, International Prostate Symptom Score; QoL, quality of life; Qmax, maximum flow rate; PVR, post-void residual volume; VV, voided volume. Data presented are median (interquartile range) or number (%). In post hoc analysis, the statistical significance was considered when the Bonferroni adjusted p value was less than 0.017. ∗p < 0.017 vs. Group 1, †p < 0.017 vs. Group 2.