Table 2.
Factors associated with depressive symptoms (N = 10,300).
Variables | B | S.E. | AOR (95 % CI) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years old) | ≤40 | 1.127 | 0.216 | 3.09 (2.02–4.72) | <0.001** |
41–49 | 0.898 | 0.192 | 2.45 (1.69–3.57) | <0.001** | |
50–59 | 0.39 | 0.187 | 1.48 (1.02–2.13) | 0.037* | |
≥60 | 1 | ||||
Sex | Female | 0.841 | 0.168 | 2.32 (1.67–3.22) | <0.001** |
Education level | Low | 0.109 | 0.137 | 1.12 (0.85–1.46) | 0.427 |
Socio-economic status | Low | 0.179 | 0.173 | 1.20 (0.85–1.68) | 0.302 |
Marital status | Single | 1 | |||
Currently married | 0.18 | 0.351 | 1.20 (0.60–2.38) | 0.609 | |
Widowed/Divorced | 0.83 | 0.382 | 2.29 (1.09–4.85) | 0.030* | |
Employment status | Currently employed | 0.091 | 0.134 | 1.10 (0.84–1.42) | 0.494 |
Location | Urban | 0.121 | 0.178 | 1.13 (0.80–1.60) | 0.496 |
BMI | Normal | 1 | |||
Underweight | 0.642 | 0.244 | 1.90 (1.18–3.07) | 0.009* | |
Overweight-Obese | −0.25 | 0.115 | 0.78 (0.62–0.98) | 0.029* | |
Smokers | Yes | 0.611 | 0.165 | 1.84 (1.33–2.55) | <0.001** |
Alcohol consumer | Yes | 0.611 | 0.192 | 1.84 (1.26–2.69) | <0.001** |
Hypertension | Yes | 0.366 | 0.133 | 1.44 (1.11–1.87) | 0.006* |
Diabetes | Yes | 0.441 | 0.161 | 1.55 (1.13–2.13) | 0.006* |
Angina | Yes | 1.004 | 0.274 | 2.73 (1.60–4.67) | <0.001** |
COPD | Yes | 1.432 | 0.514 | 4.19 (1.53–11.47) | 0.005* |
Asthma | Yes | 0.645 | 0.192 | 1.91 (1.31–2.77) | <0.001** |
Trust people | No | 0.298 | 0.128 | 1.35 (1.05–1.73) | 0.020* |
Perceived stress | Yes | 0.949 | 0.13 | 2.58 (2.00–3.33) | <0.001** |
*Significant at p-value <0.05*, **Significant at p-value <0.001; R2 = 9.2 %.