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Concentrations evolution of ethanol (a), MCFAs (b), LCAs (c), and product distribution (d) in the control and PAA-pretreated reactors during anaerobic sewage sludge fermentation with ethanol as ED. “∗” represents p < 0.05, “∗∗” represents p < 0.01, “∗∗∗” represents p < 0.001. Error bars represent standard deviations of triplicate experiments.
