Table 2.
Study characteristics (N = 62)
| Authors (Year) Country: Setting [Ref.#] | Study Aims | Study Population | Inclusion Criteria |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Studies | |||
| Little et al. (1997) USA: Community based [53] | Effectiveness of group-based behaviour modification intervention on oral hygiene skills, adherence, and clinical outcomes | 107 older adults I: 54 C: 53 | Age 50–70 years, ≥ 18 teeth, no hepatitis B, diabetes, or immunodeficiency, not taking medications to affect the gingival health or requiring no prophylactic antibiotic premedication |
| Mojon et al. (1998) Switzerland: Long-term care facility [54] | Effectiveness of preventive oral health program |
116 residents I:58 C:58 |
Age > 65 years |
| Simons et al. (2001) United Kingdom: Residential home [55] | Effectiveness of chlorhexidine acetate/xylitol gum on the plaque and gingival indices | 111 residents | Age > 60 years, dentate, had not taken antibiotics within 4 weeks |
| Engfors et al. (2004) Sweden: Clinic based [56] | Clinical and radiologic performances of fixed implant-supported prostheses placed in edentulous elderly patients |
248 patients I:133 C:115 |
Age ≥ 80 years, had implant surgery between January 1986 and August 1998. no bone grafts |
| Mariño et al. (2004) Australia: Community-based [57] | Effectiveness of oral health promotion program on the use of oral health services, oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices | 520 older adults | Age > 65 years, Italian or Greek background, attended senior citizens clubs |
|
Wyatt et al. (2004) Canada: Long-term care [58] |
Effectiveness of daily mouth rinse with neutral sodium fluoride or chlorhexidine gluconate in reducing the caries | 116 residents | Residents having natural teeth; > 3-year life expectancy; ability to use a mouth rinse |
| Peltola et al. (2007) Finland Hospital [59] | Effectiveness of using electric toothbrush and interdental toothbrush | 130 participants | Chronically ill older patients at last years of life in the hospital |
| Hakuta et al. (2008) Japan: Senior citizens’ centres [60] | Effectiveness of oral function promotion programme in oral health status and oral function |
141 older adults I:79 C:62 |
Independent elderly attending senior citizens’ activity centres in the Tokyo metropolitan area |
| Baca et al. (2009) Spain Residential home [61] | Effectiveness of a chlorhexidine-thymol varnish on dental root caries | 68 residents | Age 65 years, > 6 teeth, no serious disease, no intake of antibiotics within 2 weeks |
|
Tan et al. (2010), Hong Kong: Nursing-home [62] |
Effectiveness of four different methods in preventing new root caries | 306 residents | Residents with > 5 teeth with exposed roots, no serious medical problems, basic self-care ability |
|
Blinkhorn et al. (2011) Australia: Aged care facility [63] |
Introduction of innovative nursing intervention to improve oral health |
30 residents All qualified nur-ses at the ward |
Residents with mental health problems |
| Tashiro et al. (2011) Japan: Nursing home [64] | Effectiveness of toothbrushing, tongue cleaning, chlorhexidine use | 12 residents | Dependent residents w/self-brushing difficulty; > 10 teeth, no dentures |
| Mariño et al., (2013) Australia: Community based [65] | Effectiveness of theory-based oral health promotion intervention by a nondental peer educator | 144 older adults I:74 C:70 | Age ≥ 55 years, Italian club member, living independently |
|
Van Der Putten et al. (2013) Netherlands: Care homes [66] |
Effectiveness of ‘Oral health care Guideline for the Older population in Long term care institutions’ and a daily oral health care protocol | 232 older adults | Residents possessing teeth or removable partial/complete dentures, physically suitable for examination & those expected to reside in care home for the entire 6 mos period. Inclusion criteria for care home include: 120–250 beds, somatic & psychogeriatric wards, ≤100 km from the center of The Netherlands |
|
Zenthofer et al. (2013) Germany: Long-term care [67] |
Effectiveness of professional cleaning of tooth and dentures | 106 residents | Residents with care level 1 or no care level and not suffering from dementia or severe infectious diseases |
| Zhang et al. (2013) Hong Kong: Community [68] | Investigate synergetic use of SDF & OHE | 266 older adults | Age 60–89 years, able to perform daily self-care, ≥ 5 teeth with exposed root surfaces, no life-threatening diseases |
| Bonwell et al. (2014) USA: Long-term care & community [69] | Interprofessional education (IPE) approach to educate direct health care providers | 145 health service providers | Students & providers from long-term care and community-licensed health care professionals |
|
Morino et al. (2014) Japan: Nursing-home [70] |
Effectiveness of short-term oral health care on oral microbiological parameters | 34 residents | Age > 64 years, > 1 tooth |
| Kammers et al. (2015) Brazil: Condominium for the elderly [71] | Effectiveness of individually adapted toothbrush handles in reducing of biofilm on dentures | 16 residents | Residents in a good state of cognition, wearers of complete maxillary dentures |
| Khanagar et al. (2015) India: Institutionalized elderly [72] | Educating caregivers |
322 residents from 7 elderly homes I:162, C:160 |
Residents willing to reside in the institution for up to 6 mos during intervention; > 10 natural teeth or dentures; cognitively & physically fit to undergo oral examination |
| Komulainen et al. (2015) Finland: Community [73] | Effect of oral health-promoting intervention | 279 older adults | Age > 75 years, from Kuopio, Finland |
| Ohara et al. (2015) Japan: Community [74] | Effectiveness of oral health educational program on oral health and function | 47 older adults | Age ≥ 65 years |
|
Kim et al. (2016) South Korea: Long-term care [75] |
Effectiveness of oral health promotion program |
50 residents I:33 C:17 |
Age > 65 years, capable of communication and self-toothbrushing |
| Mariño et al. (2016) Australia: Community [76] | Evaluation of web-based oral health promotion programme | 47 older adults | Age ≥ 55 years, from Whittlesea, functioning independently |
|
Avellaneda et al. (2017) Colombia: Social protection centres [77] |
Oral health education strategy: design & implementation | 68 residents |
Age > 60 years, good mental & physical health |
| Deutsch et al. (2017) Australia: Aged care facility [78] | Advanced oral health training to nurses to integrate individualised oral care plans |
8 residents 4 staff (nurse/ assistants) |
Early dementia residents Nurses with > 4 years of aged care nursing experience, no prior oral health interventions education |
| Ildarabadi et al. (2017) Iran: Nursing-home [79] | Effectiveness of oral health care program |
101 residents I:46 C: 55 31 caregivers |
Residents with no dental and medical interventions within 3 mos |
|
Nihtila et al. (2017) Finland: Community [80] |
Effectiveness of tailored preventive oral health intervention | 269 older adults | Age > 75 years community-based home care clients from 3 communities in Eastern and Central Finland |
| Sakashita et al. (2017) Japan: Community [81] | Evaluation of program fostering a self-management ability | 150 older adults | Age ≥ 60 years |
|
Schwindling et al. (2017) Germany: Nursing home [82] |
Effectiveness of oral health education and use of ultrasonic devices for denture cleaning | 269 residents | Participants whose target variables could not be evaluated were excluded (e.g., edentulous residents without dentures) |
|
Fjeld et al. (2018) Norway: Nursing home [83] |
Longer term effect of tooth brush use as per residents’ own preference | 204 residents | Those residents having 6 or more natural teeth |
|
Janssens et al. (2018) Belgium: Nursing home [84] |
Impact of an oral healthcare program in nursing homes on the initial treatment backlog and residents’ oral health stability | 381 residents | Residents who visited the mobile dental clinic for a first consultation between October 2010 (i.e., when Gerodent started) and April 2012. |
|
Lavigne et al. (2018) Canada: Nursing home [85] |
Effectiveness of twice-daily use of rotating-oscillating power toothbrush in periodontal inflammation | 59 residents | Those residents having 6 or more natural teeth |
|
Marchini et al. (2018) USA: Nursing home [86] |
Evaluate feasibility to test clinical and microbiological effectiveness of a nursing facility | 81 residents | All residents |
|
Seleskog et al. (2018) Sweden: Nursing home [87] |
Effectiveness of oral health care education program |
37 residents (I:15, C: 22) 53 staff (I:23, C = 30) |
Residents |
|
Berniyanti et al. (2019) Indonesia: Nursing home [88] |
Effectiveness of counselling and training on toothbrushing for full/partial edentulous teeth | 12 residents | Older adults from the selected nursing homes |
|
Iwao et al. (2019) Japan: Community [89] |
Effectiveness of oral health prevention program (3 month) | 43 older adults |
Age ≥ 65 years Exclusions: on long-term support, stroke related motor paralysis |
| Keyong et al. (2019) Thailand: Community [90] | Effectiveness of an oral health promotion program | 162 older adults | Age 60–74, ≥ 6 teeth, no disability |
| Leon et al. (2019) Chile: Community [91] | Effectiveness of toothbrushing with 5000 ppm versus 1450 ppm fluoridated dentifrice | 345 older adults | Age ≥ 60 years, from areas with fluoridated water (0.7 ppm F), independently-living |
| Laurence et al. (2019) USA: Long-term care [92] | Effectiveness of checklist for oral care |
32 residents I:19 C:13 |
English speaking patients, > 4 teeth |
|
Saleem et al. (2019) Japan: Hospital [93] |
Effectiveness of lip trainer device (Group P) & sonic toothbrush (Group S). Control group (Group C) |
39 patients Group P:13 Group S:13 Group C:13) |
≥60 years, ≥20 teeth, with periodontal disease referred to hospital between April 2013 & Dec 2016 |
| Tellez et al. (2019) USA: Dental clinics [94] | Examining treatment fidelity of an individual-based MI intervention | 60 patients | Age ≥ 55 years, attending dental clinics appointment |
| Tellez et al. (2020) USA: Attending the dental clinics [95] | Efficacy of individualised ‘Motivational Interviewing’ approach to oral health education | 180 patients | Age ≥ 55 years, fluent in English, with scheduled dental appointment |
| Ting et al. (2019) Taiwan: Community [96] | Effectiveness of an oral health educational programme | 539 older adults | Age ≥ 65 years, can perform oral function exercises |
|
Johansson et al. (2020) Sweden: Nursing home [97] |
Feasibility of oral health coaching programme | 33 staff (I: 24 and C: 9) and 46 residents (I: 30 and C: 16) | Staff and all residents |
|
Konstantopoulou et al. (2020) Greece: Nursing home [98] |
Design, implement, and evaluate oral health education program for nursing home caregivers | 55 caregivers (I:28, and C:27) | Caregivers |
| Lee et al. (2020) South Korea: Nursing home [99] | Effectiveness of oral health care program | 135 residents (45 per group) | Age ≥ 65 years not received any dental care within 6 mos. |
| Lee et al., (2020) South Korea: Community [100] | Effects of oral health education programme utilising a workbook | 120 older adults (I:40, 40 and C:40) | Age ≥ 65 years, able to read Korean, able to walk/move |
|
Ho et al., (2021) The Netherlands: Community [101] |
Early recognition of decreased oral health status and establishing a need for interprofessional care | 407 older adults and 50 healthcare professionals | Community-dwelling frail older people Healthcare professionals from general practice, a dental practice, home care organization |
| Ki et al., (2021) South Korea: Community [102] | Effectiveness of oral health education using a mobile app (OHEMA) on oral health & SWAL-QoL | 46 older adults (I:24 and C:22) | Able to communicate without linguistic, auditory or visual impairment, normal cognitive ability |
| Lee et al., (2021) South Korea: Senior welfare centre [103] | Effectiveness of oral health education programme | 90 older adults | Age > 65 years, able to read and understand Korean |
|
Northridge et al., (2021) USA: Community [104] |
Acceptability of a community health worker intervention on oral health | 74 older adults | Older Chinese Americans (Chinese immigrants) |
| Peroz & Klein (2021) Germany: Residential/ retirement home [105] | Investigate influence of quarterly professional dental hygiene treatment | 160 (Home A: 99 and Home B: 61) | All residents |
| Patel et al. (2021) UK: Residential/ nur-sing care homes [106] | Introducing risk-based preventative OH program | 49 residents | Age > 65 years |
| Pawluk et al. (2021) Canada: Residential care facility [107] | Impact of online oral health education module on personal support workers’know-ledge and beliefs | 109 (88 residents for Quant; 21for Qual data collection) | All personal support workers |
| Sun et al., (2021) Taiwan: Community [108] | Effectiveness of easy-to-read health education materials to improvement oral heath literacy | 129 older adults (I:72 and C:57) | Age ≥ 60 years, communicating in Mandarin Chinese/Taiwanese Hokkien |
| Wanyonyi et al., (2021) UK: Primary dental care centre [109] | Comparison of acceptability and perceived helpfulness of an e-oral health intervention | 150 patients (I:76 and C:74) | Age ≥ 65 years dentate; communicate in English |
| Observational study | |||
|
Strayer (1991) USA: State level [110] |
Explore existing and possible future oral health programs | 48 participants | State level dental directors or dental program managers (If none: health department administrators |
|
Chalmers et al. (2005) Australia: Mixed samples (RACFs/dental professionals/ health educators) [111] |
Usefulness and appropriateness of the Practical Oral Care Video | 294 video purchasers | Practical Oral Care video purchasers |
| McAnulla et al. (2018) UK: Nursing home [112] | Assess caregivers’ awareness & knowledge on oral health care | N/A | N/A |
| Lee et al., (2021) South Korea: Nation- wide [113] | Assess the denture procedure among the older adults | 17,264 older adults | Age ≥ 65 years, under National health insurance |
|
Comparative/ Review Study |
|||
| Tynan et al. (2018) Australia: Aged care facilities [114] | Impact and experience of integrated approach to oral health | 252 residents (111 in integrated model (IM) and 141 without IM) | All residents |
C Control group participants, I Intervention group participants, SDF Silver diamine fluoride, SWAL-QoL Swallowing related quality of life