Figure 1.

Health states and movement between health states in Markov model. The model starts with all patients in either the ‘no abuse’ state or one of the states associated with abuse, based on the prevalence of DV (see text). Patients in the ‘no abuse’ state could stay in this state, move to ‘abuse not identified’ or die from any cause. Once a patient is in the ‘abuse not unidentified’ state, they could stay in that state, move back to ‘no abuse’, move to ‘abuse identified and seeing advocate’ or ‘abuse identified, not seeing advocate’ or die. Patients in the ‘abuse identified’ states could stay in these states, move back to ‘no abuse’ or die. Death is an absorbing state. DV, domestic violence.