Table 1.
Comparison of baseline characteristics, clinical features and treatment between patients with OAPS with or without thrombotic events
| Variables | Thrombosis group (n=11) | Venous thrombosis group (n=5) | Arterial thrombosis group (n=6) | Non-thrombosis group (n=175) | P value* | P value† | P value‡ |
| Age at onset (years), mean±SD | 27.6±4.0 | 27.4±4.5 | 27.7±4.0 | 31.2±4.8 | 0.013 | 0.130 | 0.083 |
| Disease duration (years), IQR | 5.0 (1.0–25.0) | 2.0 (0.8–20.5) | 13.5 (0.8–27.0) | 1.0 (0.3–3.0) | 0.049 | 0.332 | 0.069 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean±SD | 24.3±4.8 | 22.1±4.4 | 26.1±4.7 | 24.4±3.9 | 0.924 | 0.305 | 0.429 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.7) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors, n (%) | |||||||
| Hypertension | 3 (27.3) | 1 (20.0) | 2 (33.3) | 16 (9.1) | 0.158 | 0.966 | 0.110 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 4 (36.4) | 2 (40.0) | 2 (33.3) | 36 (20.6) | 0.393 | 0.632 | 0.806 |
| Arteriosclerosis | 1 (9.1) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.059 | 0.028 | – |
| Diabetes | 1 (9.1) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0) | 8 (4.6) | 1.000 | 0.603 | 1.000 |
| Underlying autoimmune diseases, n (%) | |||||||
| SLE | 6 (54.5) | 2 (40) | 4 (66.7) | 41 (23.4) | 0.052 | 0.475 | 0.054 |
| RA | 1 (9.1) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0) | 7 (4.0) | 0.392 | 0.205 | 1.000 |
| SS | 1 (9.1) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.7) | 0.218 | 0.107 | 1.000 |
| Clinical manifestations | |||||||
| Fetal loss, n (%) | |||||||
| <10 weeks | 9 (81.8) | 4 (80.0) | 5 (83.3) | 104 (59.4) | 0.247 | 0.643 | 0.452 |
| ≥10 weeks | 4 (36.4) | 1 (20.0) | 3 (50.0) | 74 (42.3) | 0.943 | 0.943 | 1.000 |
| Premature birth <34 weeks, n (%) | 4 (36.4) | 2 (40.0) | 2 (33.3) | 27 (15.4) | 0.164 | 0.392 | 0.246 |
| Pre-eclampsia, n (%) | 4 (36.4) | 1 (20.0) | 3 (50.0) | 30 (17.1) | 0.231 | 1.000 | 0.131 |
| FGR, n (%) | 2 (18.2) | 2 (40.0) | 0 (0) | 23 (13.1) | 0.984 | 0.291 | 1.000 |
| Stillbirth, n (%) | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (16.7) | 6 (3.4) | 0.888 | 1.000 | 0.213 |
| Thrombocytopenia, n (%) | 6 (54.5) | 2 (40.0) | 4 (66.7) | 28 (16.0) | 0.005 | 0.417 | 0.008 |
| Hypocomplementemia, n (%) | 9 (81.8) | 4 (80.0) | 5 (83.3) | 41 (23.4) | <0.001 | 0.018 | 0.005 |
| Laboratory tests, n (%) | |||||||
| LA positive | 9 (81.8) | 3 (60.0) | 6 (100.0) | 74 (42.3) | 0.025 | 0.741 | 0.017 |
| aβ2GPI positive | 8 (72.7) | 3 (60.0) | 5 (83.3) | 106 (60.6) | 0.629 | 1.000 | 0.484 |
| aCL positive | 8 (72.7) | 3 (60.0) | 5 (83.3) | 55 (31.4) | 0.013 | 0.388 | 0.027 |
| Double-positive aPLs | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 24 (13.7) | 0.364 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Triple-positive aPLs | 8 (72.7) | 3 (60.0) | 5 (83.3) | 30 (17.1) | <0.001 | 0.044 | <0.001 |
| High-risk aPLs | 9 (81.8) | 3 (60.0) | 6 (100.0) | 93 (53.1) | 0.123 | 1.000 | 0.064 |
| Treatment after delivery, n (%) | |||||||
| LDA | 3 (27.3) | 2 (40.0) | 1 (16.7) | 111 (63.4) | 0.043 | 0.549 | 0.059 |
| LMWH | 5 (45.5) | 4 (80.0) | 1 (16.7) | 123 (70.3) | 0.165 | 1.000 | 0.020 |
| LDA+LMWH | 3 (27.3) | 3 (60.0) | 0 (0) | 85 (48.6) | 0.170 | 0.960 | 0.054 |
| HCQ | 5 (45.5) | 3 (60.0) | 2 (33.3) | 135 (77.1) | 0.045 | 0.721 | 0.048 |
| Azathioprine | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (16.7) | 2 (1.1) | 0.168 | 1.000 | 0.097 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 9 (5.1) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Cyclosporin A | 2 (18.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (33.3) | 11 (6.3) | 0.173 | 1.000 | 0.061 |
| Tacrolimus | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.1) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Cyclophosphamide | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (16.7) | 5 (2.9) | 0.310 | 1.000 | 0.185 |
| Statins | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (4.0) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
Bold entries indicate statistically significant differences between the two groups.
*Baseline comparison between thrombosis and non-thrombosis groups.
†Baseline comparison between venous thrombosis and non-thrombosis groups.
‡Baseline comparison between arterial thrombosis and non-thrombosis groups.
aCL, anticardiolipin antibodies; aPLs, antiphospholipid antibodies; aβ2GPI, anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies; BMI, body mass index; FGR, fetal growth restriction; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; LA, lupus anticoagulant; LDA, low-dose aspirin; LMWH, low-molecular-weight heparin; OAPS, obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SS, Sjögren's syndrome.