Table 3.
Overview of polytrauma patient cohort and associated injury patterns.
| Attribute | Full data (n=317) |
Cluster 1 (n=101) |
Cluster 2 (n=99) |
Cluster 3 (n=58) |
Cluster 4 (n=59) |
p<0.05 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISS (–) | 26.35 | 20.97 | 28.05 | 36 | 23.27 | b |
| AIS Head (–) | 2.27 | 2.23 | 0.31 | 3.67 | 4.25 | e |
| AIS Thorax (–) | 2.01 | 1.34 | 3.18 | 3.17 | 0.09 | n.s. |
| AIS Abdomen (–) | 0.76 | 0.51 | 1.52 | 0.71 | 0 | e |
| AIS Extremities (–) | 1.15 | 0.96 | 1.53 | 1.46 | 0.52 | n.s. |
| GCS (–) | 8.45 | 14.32 | 7.68 | 3.56 | 4.54 | b |
| APACHE II score (–) | 13.12 | 7.06 | 15.91 | 16.38 | 15.58 | n.s. |
| SOFA score (–) | 4.11 | 1.66 | 5.56 | 5.73 | 4.24 | b |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 165.81 | 60.98 | 257.93 | 229.61 | 127.98 | a |
| IL-10 (pg/ml) | 43.26 | 24.78 | 57.86 | 56.52 | 37.37 | n.s. |
| AP (U/l) | 47.97 | 52.98 | 43.16 | 44.70 | 50.68 | n.s. |
| GLDH (U/l) | 18.01 | 8.32 | 29.83 | 22.95 | 9.91 | a |
| GGT (U/l) | 38.68 | 45.46 | 36.23 | 27.20 | 42.47 | b |
| GOT (U/l) | 97.11 | 53.25 | 169.71 | 97.08 | 50.40 | f |
| GPT (U/l) | 63.98 | 40.33 | 101.23 | 75.03 | 31.09 | f |
| Leukocytes (U/nl) | 10.24 | 10.00 | 9.74 | 10.47 | 11.24 | f |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 3.21 | 3.36 | 2.52 | 3.52 | 3.78 | f |
| Lactate (mg/dl) | 19.29 | 16.73 | 21.68 | 19.85 | 19.13 | a |
| PT (%) | 84.53 | 91.42 | 79.55 | 79.57 | 85.96 | n.s. |
| INR (–) | 1.16 | 1.09 | 1.22 | 1.21 | 1.16 | a |
| PTT (s) | 31.31 | 27.49 | 33.76 | 34.01 | 31.13 | b |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 309.87 | 307.52 | 330.20 | 308.32 | 281.32 | f |
| Platelets (cells/nl) | 168.19 | 185.12 | 151.84 | 157.57 | 176.61 | a |
| Na+ (mmol/l) | 143.19 | 139.55 | 145.03 | 142.65 | 146.87 | c |
| K+ (mmol/l) | 4.07 | 4.01 | 4.18 | 4.04 | 4.06 | a |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.92 | 0.83 | 1.02 | 0.91 | 0.92 | a |
| Hematocrit (%) | 31.02 | 34.56 | 28.36 | 29.25 | 31.17 | a |
| Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.69 | 0.62 | 0.67 | d |
| Hb (g/dl) | 10.41 | 11.69 | 9.49 | 9.85 | 10.29 | a |
The cluster numbers allocate to the following complication patterns: 1 – no complications, 2 – sepsis, 3 – systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and 4 – pneumonia. AIS, abbreviated injury scale; AP, alkaline phosphatase; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; CRP, C-reactive protein; dl, deciliter; g, gram; GCS, glasgow coma scale; GLDH, glutamate dehydrogenase; GGT, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase; GOT, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; GPT, glutamic pyruvic transaminase; Hb, hemoglobin; IL, interleukin; INR, international normalized ratio; ISS, injury severity score; K, potassium; l, liter; mg, milligram; ml, milliliter; mmol, millimoles; Na, sodium; nl, nanoliter; n.s., not significant; pg, picogram; PT, prothrombin time; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; U, units. Significant differences (p <0.05) between the groups are indicated as follows: a: cluster 1 vs. cluster 2, b: cluster 1 vs. cluster 3, c: cluster 1 vs. cluster 4, d: cluster 2 vs. cluster 3, e: cluster 2 vs. cluster 4, f: cluster 3 vs. cluster 4.