Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2024 Jan 8;14:13. doi: 10.1038/s41398-023-02686-x

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 5 — A Metformin rescues autophagy defects in olanzapine-treated cells. HepG2 cells were transfected with mRFP-GFP-LC3 vector and incubated with 5 mM metformin (Met) alone or with 5 μM U18666A, 25μM risperidone (RIS), olanzapine (OLA) in the presence or absence of 5 mM metformin for 24 h. Cells were then fixed, labelled with anti LAMP1 Ab (blue) and analysed by confocal microscopy. mRFP-GFP-LC3 positive autophagosomes are showed in yellow. Scale bar = 10 µm. B The total number of mRFP-LC3 vesicles; (C) the percentage of mRFP+ LC3 vesicles colocalizing with LAMP1; D the percentage of mRFP+, GFP- LC3 vesicles, corresponding to autolysosomes; E the percentage of mRFP+, GFP+ LC3 vesicles colocalizing with LAMP1 (white vesicles) were quantified and reported in the graphs (one way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple comparison test; n=45 cells). F Metformin does not rescue LD accumulation due to olanzapine and risperidone in AMPK-silenced cells. G The Oil-Red-O -DAPI assay reported in Fig.4 panels D, E, F was performed in AMPK-silenced HepG2 cells. H, I Metformin does not rescue autophagy defects in AMPK-silenced olanzapine-treated cells. The mRFP-GFP-LC3 autophagy assay reported in panels A, B, E was performed and analysed in AMPK-silenced HepG2 cells.